Photon-number-dependent effective Lamb shift

Abstract

The Lamb shift, an energy shift arising from the presence of the electromagnetic vacuum, has been observed in various quantum systems and established as the part of the energy shift independent of the environmental photon number. However, typical studies are based on simplistic bosonic models which may be challenged in practical quantum devices. We demonstrate a hybrid bosonic-fermionic environment for a linear resonator mode and observe that the photon number in the environment can dramatically increase both the dissipation and the effective Lamb shift of the mode. Our observations are quantitatively described by a first-principles model which we develop here also to guide device design for future quantum-technological applications. The device demonstrated here can be utilized as a fully rf-operated quantum-circuit refrigerator to quickly reset superconducting qubits.

arXiv comment15 pages, 10 figures

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• Initial experimental results on a superconducting-qubit reset based on photon-assisted quasiparticle tunneling
• Recent Developments in Quantum-Circuit Refrigeration
• Assessment of weak-coupling approximations on a driven two-level system under dissipation
• Charge dynamics in quantum-circuit refrigeration: thermalization and microwave gain
• Exceptional-point-assisted entanglement, squeezing, and reset in a chain of three superconducting resonators
• Quantum-circuit refrigeration of a superconducting microwave resonator well below a single quantum
• Many-excitation removal of a transmon qubit using a single-junction quantum-circuit refrigerator and a two-tone microwave drive
• Rapid on-demand generation of thermal states in superconducting quantum circuits
• Dissipation and noise in strongly driven Josephson junctions