Characterizing the attenuation of coaxial and rectangular microwave-frequency waveguides at cryogenic temperatures

Abstract

Low-loss waveguides are required for quantum communication at distances beyond the chip-scale for any low-temperature solid-state implementation of quantum information processors. We measure and analyze the attenuation constant of commercially available microwave-frequency waveguides down to millikelvin temperatures and single photon levels. More specifically, we characterize the frequency-dependent loss of a range of coaxial and rectangular microwave waveguides down to $0.005\mathrm{dB}/\mathrm{m}$ using a resonant-cavity technique. We study the loss tangent and relative permittivity of commonly used dielectric waveguide materials by measurements of the internal quality factors and their comparison with established loss models. The results of our characterization are relevant for accurately predicting the signal levels at the input of cryogenic devices, for reducing the loss in any detection chain, and for estimating the heat load induced by signal dissipation in cryogenic systems.

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• Single-Shot Quantum Non-Demolition Detection of Itinerant Microwave Photons
• Violating Bell's inequality with remotely-connected superconducting qubits
• Heralded Generation and Detection of Entangled Microwave--Optical Photon Pairs
• Intracity quantum communication via thermal microwave networks
• Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface
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• Squeezed vacuum used to accelerate the search for a weak classical signal
• Experimental quantum teleportation of propagating microwaves
• Quantum communication with time-bin encoded microwave photons
• Millimeter-wave interconnects for microwave-frequency quantum machines
• Deterministic quantum teleportation between distant superconducting chips
• Efficient and Low-Backaction Quantum Measurement Using a Chip-Scale Detector
• Superconducting coplanar microwave resonators with operating frequencies up to 50 GHz
• A soft-clamped topological waveguide for phonons
• Demonstration of microwave single-shot quantum key distribution
• Deterministic generation of a 20-qubit two-dimensional photonic cluster state
• Cryogenic microwave link for quantum local area networks
• A high-efficiency plug-and-play superconducting qubit network
• Zel'dovich amplification in a superconducting circuit
• Universal time-dependent control scheme for realizing arbitrary linear bosonic transformations
• Two-dimensional Planck spectroscopy for microwave photon calibration