Protoplanetary Disks in $\rho$ Ophiuchus as Seen From ALMA

Abstract

We present a high angular resolution ($\sim 0.2^{\prime \prime }$), high sensitivity ($\sigma \sim 0.2$ mJy) survey of the 870 $\mu$m continuum emission from the circumstellar material around 49 pre-main sequence stars in the $\rho$ Ophiuchus molecular cloud. Because most millimeter instruments have resided in the northern hemisphere, this represents the largest high-resolution, millimeter-wave survey of the circumstellar disk content of this cloud. Our survey of 49 systems comprises 63 stars; we detect disks associated with 29 single sources, 11 binaries, 3 triple systems and 4 transition disks. We present flux and radius distributions for these systems; in particular, this is the first presentation of a reasonably complete probability distribution of disk radii at millimeter-wavelengths. We also compare the flux distribution of these protoplanetary disks with that of the disk population of the Taurus-Auriga molecular cloud. We find that disks in binaries are both significantly smaller and have much less flux than their counterparts around isolated stars. We compute truncation calculations on our binary sources and find that these disks are too small to have been affected by tidal truncation and posit some explanations for this. Lastly, our survey found 3 candidate gapped disks, one of which is a newly identified transition disk with no signature of a dip in infrared excess in extant observations.

26 pages, 16 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ

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• Observed sizes of planet-forming disks trace viscous evolution
• Are Inner Disc Misalignments Common? ALMA Reveals an Isotropic Outer Disc Inclination Distribution for Young Dipper Stars
• Gap, shadows, spirals, streamers: SPHERE observations of binary-disk interactions in GG Tau A
• New Constraints From Dust Lines On The Surface Densities Of Protoplanetary Disks
• On the secular evolution of the ratio between gas and dust radii in protoplanetary discs
• Demographics of disks around young very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in Lupus
• A census of $\rho$ Oph candidate members from Gaia DR2
• On dust evolution in planet-forming discs in binary systems. I -- Theoretical and numerical modelling: radial drift is faster in binary discs
• Star-disc (mis-)alignment in Rho Oph and Upper Sco: insights from spatially resolved disc systems with K2 rotation periods
• The effect of stellar multiplicity on protoplanetary discs. A NIR survey of the Lupus star forming region
• Constraining the radial drift of millimeter-sized grains in the protoplanetary disks in Lupus
• Effects of photoevaporation on protoplanetary disc `isochrones'
• Long live the disk: lifetimes of protoplanetary disks in hierarchical triple star systems and a possible explanation for HD 98800 B
• Probing protoplanetary disk evolution in the Chamaeleon II region
• Effects of Ringed Structures and Dust Size Growth on Millimeter Observations of Protoplanetary Disks
• Stellar multiplicity affects the correlation between proto-planetary disc masses and accretion rates: binaries explain high-accretors in Upper Sco
• On the Dust Signatures Induced by Eccentric Super-Earths in Protoplanetary Disks
• Self-scattering in protoplanetary disks with dust settling
• Formation of Planetary Populations II: Effects of Initial Disk Size & Radial Dust Drift
• On dust evolution in planet-forming discs in binary systems. II -- Comparison with Taurus and $\rho$ Ophiuchus (sub-)millimetre observations: discs in binaries have small dust sizes
• Search for Alignment of Disk Orientations in Nearby Star-Forming Regions: Lupus, Taurus, Upper Scorpius, $\rho$ Ophiuchi, and Orion
• Disk Evolution Study Through Imaging of Nearby Young Stars (DESTINYS): Diverse outcomes of binary-disk interactions
• Gas distribution in ODISEA sources from ALMA long-baseline observations in ${}^{12}$CO(2-1)
• The Disk Population in a Distant Massive Protocluster
• Planet formation in intermediate-separation binary systems