The Disk Population in a Distant Massive Protocluster

Abstract

The unprecedented angular resolution and sensitivity of ALMA makes it possible to unveil disk populations in distant ($>$2 kpc), embedded young cluster environments. We have conducted an observation towards the central region of the massive protocluster G286.21+0.16 at 1.3 mm. With a spatial resolution of 23 mas and a sensitivity of 15 $\mu \mathrm{Jy}\mathrm{bea}{\mathrm{m}}^{-1}$, we detect a total of 38 protostellar disks. These disks have dust masses ranging from about 53 to 1825 $M_{\oplus }$, assuming a dust temperature of 20 K. This sample is not closely associated with previously identified dense cores, as would be expected for disks around Class 0 protostars. Thus, we expect our sample, being flux limited, to be mainly composed of Class I/flat-spectrum source disks, since these are typically more massive than Class II disks. Furthermore, we find that the distributions of disk masses and radii are statistically indistinguishable with those of the Class I/flat-spectrum objects in the Orion molecular cloud, indicating similar processes are operating in G286.21+0.16 to regulate disk formation and evolution. The cluster center appears to host a massive protostellar system composed of three sources within 1200 au, including a potential binary with 600 au projected separation. Relative to this center, there is no evidence for widespread mass segregation in the disk population. We do find a tentative trend of increasing disk radius versus distance from the cluster center, which may point to the influence of dynamical interactions being stronger in the central regions.

arXiv comment23 pages, 7 Figures, accepted by ApJ

References in corpus (50)

• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• Protoplanetary Disks and Their Evolution
• The Formation of Massive Stars from Turbulent Cores
• ALMA Survey of Lupus Protoplanetary Disks I: Dust and Gas Masses
• Structural Analysis of Molecular Clouds: Dendrograms
• Dynamics of Protoplanetary Disks
• A Steeper than Linear Disk Mass-Stellar Mass Scaling Relation
• On the diversity and statistical properties of protostellar discs
• An ALMA Survey of Protoplanetary Disks in the $\sigma$ Orionis Cluster
• The VLA/ALMA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity (VANDAM) Survey of Orion Protostars. A Statistical Characterization of Class 0 and I Protostellar Disks
• ALMA Observations of Circumstellar Disks in the Upper Scorpius OB Association
• Using the minimum spanning tree to trace mass segregation
• A Compendium of Distances to Molecular Clouds in the Star Formation Handbook
• The Ophiuchus DIsc Survey Employing ALMA (ODISEA) - I : project description and continuum images at 28 au resolution
• A Millimeter Continuum Size-Luminosity Relationship for Protoplanetary Disks
• The ALMA Survey of 70 $\mu$m dark High-mass clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). I. Pilot Survey: Clump Fragmentation
• Dust masses of young disks: constraining the initial solid reservoir for planet formation
• ALMA spectroscopic survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Continuum number counts, resolved 1.2-mm extragalactic background, and properties of the faintest dusty star forming galaxies
• Protoplanetary Disk Properties in the Orion Nebula Cluster: Initial Results from Deep, High-Resolution ALMA Observations
• ALMA Census of Faint 1.2 mm Sources Down to ~0.02 mJy: Extragalactic Background Light and Dust-Poor High-z Galaxies
• ALMA Observations of the Orion Proplyds
• Observational constraints on dust disk sizes in tidally truncated protoplanetary disks in multiple systems in the Taurus region
• Protoplanetary Disks in $\rho$ Ophiuchus as Seen From ALMA
• Mass segregation and elongation of the starburst cluster Westerlund 1
• The RMS Survey: Mid-Infrared Observations of Candidate Massive YSOs in the Southern Hemisphere
• The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the HUDF: Deep 1.2 mm continuum number counts
• Distribution of Serpens South protostars revealed with ALMA
• Star formation activity and the spatial distribution and mass segregation of dense cores in the early phases of star formation
• The SOFIA Massive (SOMA) Star Formation Survey. I. Overview and First Results
• Radiation Transfer of Models of Massive Star Formation. III. The Evolutionary Sequence
• The Core Mass Function in the Massive Protocluster G286.21+0.17 revealed by ALMA
• On the Role of Pseudodisk Warping and Reconnection in Protostellar Disk Formation in Turbulent Magnetized Cores
• Radiation Transfer of Models of Massive Star Formation. IV. The Model Grid and Spectral Energy Distribution Fitting
• Rapid destruction of protoplanetary discs due to externalphotoevaporation in star-forming regions
• Formation and evolution of protostellar accretion discs. II. From 3D simulation to a simple semi-analytic model of Class 0/I discs
• Physical Properties of the star-forming clusters in NGC 6334
• Mass segregation and sequential star formation in NGC 2264 revealed by Herschel
• On the spatial distributions of dense cores in Orion B
• Survey of Orion Disks with ALMA (SODA) I: Cloud-level demographics of 873 protoplanetary disks
• Discovery of Large-Scale Gravitational Infall in a Massive Protostellar Cluster
• Testing a New Model of Embedded Protostellar Disks Against Observation: The Majority of Orion Class 0/I Disks Are Likely Warm, Massive, and Gravitationally Unstable
• The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: Dense Core Clusters in Orion B
• Small Protoplanetary Disks in the Orion Nebula Cluster and OMC1 with ALMA
• The SOFIA Massive (SOMA) Star Formation Survey. II. High Luminosity Protostars
• Unveiling a cluster of protostellar disks around the massive protostar GGD27 MM1
• 870 Micron Dust Continuum of the Youngest Protostars in Ophiuchus
• On the mass segregation of cores and stars
• The stellar content of the infalling molecular clump G286.21+0.17
• Gas Kinematics of the Massive Protocluster G286.21+0.17 Revealed by ALMA
• Stellar Variability in a Forming Massive Star Cluster