The Raman fingerprint of rhombohedral graphite

Abstract

Multi-layer graphene with rhombohedral stacking is a promising carbon phase possibly displaying correlated states like magnetism or superconductivity due to the occurrence of a flat surface band at the Fermi level. Recently, flakes of thickness up to 17 layers were tentatively attributed ABC sequences although the Raman fingerprint of rhombohedral multilayer graphene is currently unknown and the 2D resonant Raman spectrum of Bernal graphite not understood. We provide a first principles description of the 2D Raman peak in three and four layers graphene (all stackings) as well as in Bernal, rhombohedral and an alternation of Bernal and rhombohedral graphite. We give practical prescriptions to identify long range sequences of ABC multi-layer graphene. Our work is a prerequisite to experimental non-destructive identification and synthesis of rhombohedral graphite.

18 pages, 5 pages article + 13 pages supplemental material

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Cited by in corpus (7)

• Experimental observation of ABCB stacked tetralayer graphene
• EPIq : an open-source software for the calculation of electron-phonon interaction related properties
• Infrared resonance Raman of bilayer graphene: signatures of massive fermions and band structure on the 2D peak
• First-principles calculations of double resonance Raman spectra for monolayer MoTe${}_2$
• Influence of surface band bending on a narrow band gap semiconductor: Tunneling atomic force studies of graphite with Bernal and rhombohedral stacking orders
• Identification of graphite with perfect rhombohedral stacking by electronic Raman scattering
• Micro-tip manipulated origami for robust twisted few-layer graphene