A theoretical study of the build-up of the Sun's polar magnetic field by using a 3D kinematic dynamo model

Abstract

We develop a three-dimensional kinematic self-sustaining model of the solar dynamo in which the poloidal field generation is from tilted bipolar sunspot pairs placed on the solar surface above regions of strong toroidal field by using the SpotMaker algorithm, and then the transport of this poloidal field to the tachocline is primarily caused by turbulent diffusion. We obtain a dipolar solution within a certain range of parameters. We use this model to study the build-up of the polar magnetic field and show that some insights obtained from surface flux transport (SFT) models have to be revised. We present results obtained by putting a single bipolar sunspot pair in a hemisphere and two symmetrical sunspot pairs in two hemispheres.We find that the polar fields produced by them disappear due to the upward advection of poloidal flux at low latitudes, which emerges as oppositely-signed radial flux and which is then advected poleward by the meridional flow. We also study the effect that a large sunspot pair, violating Hale's polarity law would have on the polar field. We find that there would be some effect---especially if the anti-Hale pair appears at high latitudes in the mid-phase of the cycle---though the effect is not very dramatic.

18 pages, 18 figures, published in ApJ

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• Improvement of solar cycle prediction: Plateau of solar axial dipole moment
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• Latitude Distribution of Sunspots: Analysis Using Sunspot Data and A Dynamo Model
• Physical link of the polar field build-up with the Waldmeier effect broadens the scope of early solar cycle prediction: Cycle 25 is likely to be slightly stronger than Cycle 24
• A Babcock-Leighton-type Solar Dynamo Operating in the Bulk of the Convection Zone
• Influence of the Sun-like magnetic cycle on exoplanetary atmospheric escape
• A theoretical model of the variation of the meridional circulation with the solar cycle
• A Catalog of Bipolar Active Regions Violating the Hale Polarity Law, 1989-2018
• Does the mean-field alpha effect have any impact on the memory of the solar cycle?
• The need for active region disconnection in 3D kinematic dynamo simulations
• Synthetic solar cycle for active regions violating the Hale's polarity law
• Recent advances in the 3D kinematic Babcock-Leighton solar dynamo modeling
• Hemispheric analysis of the magnetic flux in regular and irregular solar active regions
• Solar Cycle Prediction: Challenges, Progress, and Future Perspectives
• Evolution of the Sun's activity and the poleward transport of remnant magnetic flux in Cycles 21--24