Outflow detection in a 70 $\mu$m dark high-mass core

Abstract

We present observations towards a high-mass ($>40{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$), low luminosity ($<10{\mathrm{L}}_{\odot }$) $70\mu$m dark molecular core G 28.34 S-A at 3.4 mm, using the IRAM 30 m telescope and the NOEMA interferometer. We report the detection of $\mathrm{SiO}$ $J=2\to 1$ line emission, which is spatially resolved in this source at a linear resolution of $\sim$0.1 pc, while the 3.4 mm continuum image does not resolve any internal sub-structures. The SiO emission exhibits two W-E oriented lobes centring on the continuum peak. Corresponding to the red-shifted and blue-shifted gas with velocities up to $40\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ relative to the quiescent cloud, these lobes clearly indicate the presence of a strong bipolar outflow from this $70\mu$m dark core, a source previously considered as one of the best candidates of "starless" core. Our SiO detection is consistent with ALMA archival data of $\mathrm{SiO}$ $J=5\to 4$, whose high-velocity blue-shifted gas reveals a more compact lobe spatially closer to the dust center. This outflow indicates that the central source may be in an early evolutionary stage of forming a high-mass protostar. We also find that the low-velocity components (in the range of ${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{lsr}}$${}_{-5}^{+3}\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$) have an extended, NW-SE oriented distribution. Discussing the possible accretion scenarios of the outflow-powering young stellar object, we argue that the molecular line emission and the molecular outflows may provide a better indication of the accretion history when forming young stellar object, than that from a snapshot observations of the present bolometric luminosity. This is particularly significant for the cases of episodic accretion, which may occur during the collapse of the parent molecular core.

arXiv comment8 pages, 3 figures, submitted to ApJ on Jan. 18th, 2016, accepted on May. 5th, 2016

References in corpus (60)

• The Formation of Massive Stars from Turbulent Cores
• ATLASGAL - The APEX Telescope Large Area Survey of the Galaxy at 870 microns
• The Submillimeter Array
• Competitive accretion in embedded stellar cluster
• A Catalog of Extended Green Objects (EGOs) in the GLIMPSE Survey: A new sample of massive young stellar object outflow candidates
• Infrared Dark Clouds: precursors to star clusters
• Massive molecular outflows
• Massive star formation: Nurture, not nature
• Protostellar Feedback Halts the Growth of the First Stars in the Universe
• Ammonia in Infrared Dark Clouds
• Hierarchical fragmentation and differential star formation in the Galactic "Snake": infrared dark cloud G11.11-0.12
• Evolution of Massive Protostars via Disk Accretion
• Intrinsically Red Sources observed by Spitzer in the Galactic Mid-Plane
• Ammonia from cold high-mass clumps discovered in the inner Galactic disk by the ATLASGAL survey
• SiO line emission from C-type shock waves : interstellar jets and outflows
• Fragmentation at the Earliest Phase of Massive Star Formation
• A Catalog of MSX Infrared Dark Cloud Candidates
• Variable protostellar accretion with episodic bursts
• Resolving the Luminosity Problem in Low-Mass Star Formation
• Fragmentation of Molecular Clumps and Formation of Protocluster
• The Dynamics of Massive Starless Cores with ALMA
• Hierarchical Fragmentation and Jet-like Outflows in IRDC G28.34+0.06, a Growing Massive Protostar Cluster
• Parsec-scale SiO Emission in an Infrared Dark Cloud
• Mid-Infrared Extinction Mapping of Infrared Dark Clouds: Probing the Initial Conditions for Massive Stars and Star Clusters
• How Protostellar Outflows Help Massive Stars Form
• A Keplerian-like disk around the forming O-type star AFGL 4176
• Deuteration as an evolutionary tracer in massive-star formation
• The Earliest Phases of Star Formation (EPoS): A Herschel Key Program - The precursors to high-mass stars and clusters
• High Mass Starless Cores
• Low-velocity shocks traced by extended SiO emission along the W43 ridges: witnessing the formation of young massive clusters
• Dense core formation in supersonic turbulent converging flows
• SiO J=5--4 in the HH211 Protostellar Jet Imaged with the SMA
• ATLASGAL-selected massive clumps in the inner Galaxy, II: Characterisation of different evolutionary stages and their SiO emission
• Submillimeter arcsecond-resolution mapping of the highly collimated protostellar jet HH 211
• Circumstellar Disks of the Most Vigorously Accreting Young Stars
• NH3 Observations of the Infrared Dark Cloud G28.34+0.06
• Search for starless clumps in the ATLASGAL survey
• Detection of Structure in Infrared-Dark Clouds with Spitzer: Characterizing Star Formation in the Molecular Ring
• Sub-arcsecond sub-mm continuum observations of Orion-KL
• Submillimeter emission from the hot molecular jet HH 211
• Radio-millimetre investigation of galactic infrared dark clouds
• Protostellar Outflow Heating in a Growing Massive Protocluster
• Fragmentation and OB Star Formation in High-Mass Molecular Hub-Filament System
• SiO emission from low- and high-velocity shocks in Cygnus-X massive dense clumps
• Physical properties of Southern infrared dark clouds
• The Deuterium Fraction in Massive Starless Cores and Dynamical Implications
• Characterization of Infrared Dark Clouds -- NH${}_3$ Observations of an Absorption-contrast Selected IRDC Sample
• Tracing the shock precursors in the L1448-mm/IRS3 outflows
• The effect of episodic accretion on the phase transition of CO and CO_2 in low-mass star formation
• High Resolution Imaging of Molecular Outflows in Massive Young Stars
• On The Gas Temperature of Molecular Cloud Cores
• Shocks in dense clouds. IV. Effects of grain-grain processing on molecular line emission
• Are Infrared Dark Clouds Really Quiescent?
• Deuterium Fractionation as an Evolutionary Probe in the Infrared Dark Cloud G28.34+0.06
• The reliability of approximate radiation transport methods for irradiated disk studies
• SiO Emission in the Multi-Lobe Outflow associated with IRAS 16293-2422
• SiO excitation from dense shocks in the earliest stages of massive star formation
• APEX/SABOCA observations of small-scale structure of infrared-dark clouds I. Early evolutionary stages of star-forming cores
• On the evolution of the molecular line profiles induced by the propagation of C-shock waves
• The role of SiO as a tracer of past star-formation events: The case of the high-mass protocluster NGC 2264-C

Cited by in corpus (31)

• The ALMA Survey of 70 $\mu$m dark High-mass clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). I. Pilot Survey: Clump Fragmentation
• A Massive Prestellar Clump Hosting no High-Mass Cores
• Filamentary Fragmentation and Accretion in High-Mass Star-Forming Molecular Clouds
• ATLASGAL-selected massive clumps in the inner Galaxy III. Dust Continuum Characterization of an Evolutionary Sample
• ALMA observations of fragmentation, sub-structure, and protostars in high-mass starless clump candidates
• Massive outflows associated with ATLASGAL clumps
• A Hunt for Massive Starless Cores
• Cloud structure of three Galactic infrared dark star-forming regions from combining ground and space based bolometric observations
• High-mass Starless Clumps in the inner Galactic Plane: the Sample and Dust Properties
• Magnetic fields in the early stages of massive star formation as revealed by ALMA
• ALMA-IRDC: Dense gas mass distribution from cloud to core scales
• Zooming in to Massive Star Birth
• ATLASGAL --- Molecular fingerprints of a sample of massive star forming clumps
• Dynamical cloud formation traced by atomic and molecular gas
• The SEDIGISM survey: a search for molecular outflows
• The ALMA Survey of 70 μm Dark High-mass Clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). VI. The core-scale CO-depletion
• Thermal balance and comparison of gas and dust properties of dense clumps in the Hi-GAL survey
• The chemical structure of young high-mass star-forming clumps: (II) parsec-scale CO depletion and deuterium fraction of $\mathrm{HC}{\mathrm{O}}^{+}$
• Fragmentation and filaments at the onset of star and cluster formation: SABOCA 350 $\mu$m view of ATLASGAL selected massive clumps
• The chemical structure of young high-mass star-forming clumps: (I) Deuteration
• Fragmentation and kinematics in high-mass star formation: CORE-extension targeting two very young high-mass star-forming regions
• CO multi-line observations of HH 80-81: a two-component molecular outflow associated with the largest protostellar jet in our Galaxy
• YSO jets in the Galactic Plane from UWISH2: V - Jets and Outflows in M17
• Sulphur-Bearing and Complex Organic Molecules in an Infrared Cold Core
• The ALMA Survey of 70 $\mu$m Dark High-mass Clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). XII. Unanchored Forked Stream in the Propagating Path of a Protostellar Outflow
• Binary Formation in a 100 $\mu$m-dark Massive Core
• Submillimeter continuum variability in Planck Galactic cold clumps
• KAgoshima Galactic Object survey with Nobeyama 45-metre telescope by Mapping in Ammonia lines (KAGONMA): Discovery of parsec-scale CO depletion in the Canis Major star-forming region
• Origins of the shocks in high-mass starless clump candidates
• Unlocking accretion rate diagnostics for high-mass protostars using JWST/MIRI HI lines
• Clustered star formation towards Berkeley 87 / ON2. I. Multi-wavelength census and the population overlap problem