Universal trade-off relation between power and efficiency for heat engines

Abstract

For a general thermodynamic system described as a Markov process, we prove a general lower bound for dissipation in terms of the square of the heat current, thus establishing that nonvanishing current inevitably implies dissipation. This leads to a universal trade-off relation between efficiency and power, with which we rigorously prove that a heat engine with nonvanishing power never attains the Carnot efficiency. Our theory applies to systems arbitrarily far from equilibrium, and does not assume any specific symmetry of the model.

15 pages, 2 figures. This paper is a revised version of https://arxiv.org/abs/1602.03645, now withdrawn

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