Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation Bounds the Extent of Anomalous Diffusion

Abstract

In a finite system driven out of equilibrium by a constant external force the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) bounds the variance of the conjugate current variable by the thermodynamic cost of maintaining the non-equilibrium stationary state. Here we highlight a new facet of the TUR by showing that it also bounds the time-scale on which a finite system can exhibit anomalous kinetics. In particular, we demonstrate that the TUR bounds subdiffusion in a single file confined to a ring as well as a dragged Gaussian polymer chain even when detailed balance is satisfied. Conversely, the TUR bounds the onset of superdiffusion in the active comb model. Remarkably, the fluctuations in a comb model evolving from a steady state behave anomalously as soon as detailed balance is broken. Our work establishes a link between stochastic thermodynamics and the field of anomalous dynamics that will fertilize further investigations of thermodynamic consistency of anomalous diffusion models.

6 pages, 4 figures (Supplemental material 3 pages, 1 figure), published version in PRL, Corrected Ref. 53 and typos

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