Modeling of biomolecular machines in non-equilibrium steady states

Abstract

Numerical computations have become a pillar of all modern quantitative sciences. Any computation involves modeling--even if often this step is not made explicit--and any model has to neglect details while still being physically accurate. Equilibrium statistical mechanics guides both the development of models and numerical methods for dynamics obeying detailed balance. For systems driven away from thermal equilibrium such a universal theoretical framework is missing. For a restricted class of driven systems governed by Markov dynamics and local detailed balance, stochastic thermodynamics has evolved to fill this gap and to provide fundamental constraints and guiding principles. The next step is to advance stochastic thermodynamics from simple model systems to complex systems with ten thousands or even millions degrees of freedom. Biomolecules operating in the presence of chemical gradients and mechanical forces are a prime example for this challenge. In this Perspective, we give an introduction to isothermal stochastic thermodynamics geared towards the systematic multiscale modeling of the conformational dynamics of biomolecular and synthetic machines, and we outline some of the open challenges.

arXiv commentComments are welcome

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• Survival and extreme statistics of work, heat, and entropy production in steady-state heat engines
• Thermodynamic inference in partially accessible Markov networks: A unifying perspective from transition-based waiting time distributions
• Diffusion coefficient and power spectrum of active particles with a microscopically reversible mechanism of self-propelling