Experimental realization of a Szilard engine with a single electron

Abstract

The most succinct manifestation of the second law of thermodynamics is the limitation the Landauer principle imposes on the amount of heat a Maxwell demon (MD) can convert into free energy per single bit of information obtained in a measurement. We suggest and experimentally realize a reversible electronic MD based on a single-electron box operated as a Szilard engine, providing the first demonstration of this limitation: extraction of kT ln 2 of heat from the reservoir at temperature T per one bit of created information. The information is encoded in the position of an extra electron in the box.

Main text 5 pages, 3 figures, supplementary material 2 pages, 3 figures

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• Second Law of Thermodynamics with Discrete Quantum Feedback Control
• Work and information processing in a solvable model of Maxwell's demon
• Thermodynamics of a physical model implementing a Maxwell demon
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