Reaching the quantum limit of sensitivity in electron spin resonance

Abstract

We report pulsed electron-spin resonance (ESR) measurements on an ensemble of Bismuth donors in Silicon cooled at 10mK in a dilution refrigerator. Using a Josephson parametric microwave amplifier combined with high-quality factor superconducting micro-resonators cooled at millikelvin temperatures, we improve the state-of-the-art sensitivity of inductive ESR detection by nearly 4 orders of magnitude. We demonstrate the detection of 1700 bismuth donor spins in silicon within a single Hahn echo with unit signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio, reduced to just 150 spins by averaging a single Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence. This unprecedented sensitivity reaches the limit set by quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field instead of thermal or technical noise, which constitutes a novel regime for magnetic resonance.

Main text : 10 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary text : 16 pages, 8 figures

References in corpus (7)

• Amplification and squeezing of quantum noise with a tunable Josephson metamaterial
• Nanomechanical motion measured with precision beyond the standard quantum limit
• Observation of quantum jumps in a superconducting artificial atom
• Fast charge sensing of a cavity-coupled double quantum dot using a Josephson parametric amplifier
• Probing dynamics of an electron-spin ensemble via a superconducting resonator
• High-gain weakly nonlinear flux-modulated Josephson parametric amplifier using a SQUID-array
• Fast, low-power manipulation of spin ensembles in superconducting microresonators

Cited by in corpus (104)

• Quantum information processing with superconducting circuits: a review
• Hybrid quantum systems based on magnonics
• Strong Coupling between Microwave Photons and Nanomagnet Magnons
• Strong magnon-photon coupling in ferromagnet-superconducting resonator thin-film devices
• Controlling spin relaxation with a cavity
• Enhancing cavity QED via anti-squeezing: synthetic ultra-strong coupling
• Optimizing the nonlinearity and dissipation of a SNAIL Parametric Amplifier for dynamic range
• Superradiant Hybrid Quantum Devices
• Electron Spin Resonance at the Level of 10000 Spins Using Low Impedance Superconducting Resonators
• Simultaneous coherence enhancement of optical and microwave transitions in solid-state electronic spins
• A photonic crystal Josephson traveling wave parametric amplifier
• Chirality as Generalized Spin-Orbit Interaction in Spintronics
• Single electron-spin-resonance detection by microwave photon counting
• Inductive-detection electron-spin resonance spectroscopy with $65$spins$/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ sensitivity
• A perspective on scaling up quantum computation with molecular spins
• Perspective on traveling wave microwave parametric amplifiers
• Controlling spin-orbit interactions in silicon quantum dots using magnetic field direction
• Donor spins in silicon for quantum technologies
• Simultaneous tracking of spin angle and amplitude beyond classical limits
• Broadband Squeezed Microwaves and Amplification with a Josephson Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifier
• Magnetic resonance with squeezed microwaves
• Enhanced molecular spin-photon coupling at superconducting nanoconstrictions
• Observation of collective coupling between an engineered ensemble of macroscopic artificial atoms and a superconducting resonator
• Implementation of a transmon qubit using superconducting granular aluminum
• A near-ideal degenerate parametric amplifier
• Storing quantum information in spins and high-sensitivity ESR
• Proposal for detection of a single electron spin in a microwave resonator
• A logical qubit in a linear array of semiconductor quantum dots
• Superconducting granular aluminum resonators resilient to magnetic fields up to 1 Tesla
• Low-impedance superconducting microwave resonators for strong coupling to small magnetic mode volumes
• Electron Spin Resonance spectroscopy with femtoliter detection volume
• Towards a spin-ensemble quantum memory for superconducting qubits
• Strain-induced spin resonance shifts in silicon devices
• Leggett--Garg inequality violations with a large ensemble of qubits
• Selective optical addressing of nuclear spins through superhyperfine interaction in rare-earth doped solids
• Spin dynamics of diamond nitrogen-vacancy centres at the ground state level anti-crossing and all-optical low frequency magnetic field sensing
• Magnetic Field Dependent Microwave Losses in Superconducting Niobium Microstrip Resonators
• Pulsed electron spin resonance spectroscopy in the Purcell regime
• Echo trains in pulsed electron spin resonance of a strongly coupled spin ensemble
• Tuning high-Q superconducting resonators by magnetic field reorientation
• Multimode storage of quantum microwave fields in electron spins over 100 ms
• A hybrid-systems approach to spin squeezing using a highly dissipative ancillary system
• Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy using a single artificial atom
• Roadmap on Nanoscale Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Quantitative modeling of superconducting planar resonators with improved field homogeneity for electron spin resonance
• Three-Wave Mixing Quantum-Limited Kinetic Inductance Parametric Amplifier operating at 6 Tesla and near 1 Kelvin
• High-cooperativity coupling of a rare-earth spin ensemble to a superconducting resonator using yttrium orthosilicate as a substrate
• Multi-frequency Spin Manipulation Using Rapidly Tunable Superconducting Coplanar Waveguide Microresonators
• In-situ amplification of spin echoes within a kinetic inductance parametric amplifier
• Spin resonance linewidths of bismuth donors in silicon coupled to planar microresonators
• Self-stimulated pulse echo trains from inhomogeneously broadened spin ensembles
• Irradiation of Materials with Short, Intense Ion pulses at NDCX-II
• Josephson parametric reflection amplifier with integrated directionality
• Towards hybrid circuit quantum electrodynamics with quantum dots
• Sensitive spin detection using an on-chip SQUID-waveguide resonator
• Hyperfine spectroscopy in a quantum-limited spectrometer
• Superconducting microresonators for electron spin resonance, the good, the bad, and the future
• Bandwidth and visibility improvement in detection of a weak signal using mode entanglement and swapping
• Quantum Computing with Endohedral Fullerenes
• Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Er${}^{3+}$:Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$ Using Josephson Bifurcation Amplifier: Observation of Hyperfine and Quadrupole Structures
• Environmentally mediated coherent control of a spin qubit in diamond
• Optimal control of an inhomogeneous spin ensemble coupled to a cavity
• Fast coherent control of an NV- spin ensemble using a KTaO3 dielectric resonator at cryogenic temperatures
• Nonlinear Properties of Supercurrent-Carrying Single and Multi-Layer Thin-Film Superconductors
• Granular Aluminum Parametric Amplifier for Low-Noise Measurements in Tesla Fields
• Concepts and Criteria for Blind Quantum Source Separation
• Quadrupolar Effects on Nuclear Spins of Neutral Arsenic Donors in Silicon
• Identification and time-resolved study of YIG spin wave modes in a MW cavity in strong coupling regime
• Electromagnetic models for multilayer superconducting transmission lines
• Universal Scaling Bounds on a Quantum Heat Current
• A Room-Temperature Solid-State Maser Amplifier
• Possible hundredfold enhancement in the direct magnetic coupling of a single atomic spin to a circuit resonator
• Magnetometry of neurons using a superconducting qubit
• Doubly-dressed states for near-field trapping and subwavelength lattice structuration
• High precision single qubit tuning via thermo-magnetic field control
• Spin Environment of a Superconducting Qubit in High Magnetic Fields
• Spatially-resolved decoherence of donor spins in silicon strained by a metallic electrode
• Projective measurement of energy on an ensemble of qubits with unknown frequencies
• Addressing spin transitions on 209Bi donors in silicon using circularly-polarized microwaves
• Short-Pulse, Compressed Ion Beams at the Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment
• Second-order correlation and squeezing of photons in cavities with ultrastrong magnon-photon interactions
• Coherent Magneto-Optomechanical Signal Transduction and Long-Distance Phase-Shift Keying
• On-Chip Detection of Electronuclear Transitions in the ${}^{155,157}$Gd Multilevel Spin System
• Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with a superconducting flux qubit
• Piezoelectric microresonators for sensitive spin detection
• Nanoscale magnets embedded in a microstrip
• Magnetic-field dependence of a Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifier and integration into a high-field setup
• Millikelvin Nb nanoSQUID-embedded tuneable resonator fabricated with a neon focused-ion-beam
• Multiple-quantum transitions and charge-induced decoherence of donor nuclear spins in silicon
• Observation and mitigation of microwave echoes from dielectric defects in Josephson traveling wave amplifiers
• Electrical readout of spins in the absence of spin blockade
• Niobium Air Bridges as Low-Loss Components for Superconducting Quantum Hardware
• Relaxation of an ensemble of two-level emitters in a squeezed bath
• High cooperativity coupling to nuclear spins on a circuit QED architecture
• Superconducting microwave oscillators as detectors for ESR spectroscopy
• Kinetic inductance coupling for circuit QED with spins
• Engineering Nonlinear Response of Superconducting Niobium Microstrip Resonators via Aluminum Cladding
• Polarizing electron spins with a superconducting flux qubit
• Magnetic-Field and Temperature Limits of a Kinetic-Inductance Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifier
• Detecting spins with a microwave photon counter
• Effects of the thin-film thickness on superconducting NbTi microwave resonators for on-chip cryogenic thermometry
• Electromagnetic response of the surface states of a topological insulator nanowire embedded within a resonator
• Recent Experiments At Ndcx-II: Irradiation Of Materials Using Short, Intense Ion Beams
• Optimizing the pump coupling for a three-wave mixing Josephson parametric amplifier