Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Er${}^{3+}$:Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$ Using Josephson Bifurcation Amplifier: Observation of Hyperfine and Quadrupole Structures

Abstract

We performed magnetic field and frequency tunable electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of an Er${}^{3+}$ doped Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$ crystal by observing the change in flux induced on a direct current-superconducting quantum interference device (dc-SQUID) loop of a tunable Josephson bifurcation amplifer. The observed spectra show multiple transitions which agree well with the simulated energy levels, taking into account the hyperfine and quadrupole interactions of ${}^{167}$Er. The sensing volume is about 0.15 pl, and our inferred measurement sensitivity (limited by external flux noise) is approximately $1.5\times 10^4$ electron spins for a 1 s measurement. The sensitivity value is two orders of magnitude better than similar schemes using dc-SQUID switching readout.

Main text: 5 pages, 3 figures. Supplementary materials: 4 pages, 4 figures

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Cited by in corpus (9)

• Single electron-spin-resonance detection by microwave photon counting
• Extending Phenomenological Crystal-Field Methods to $C_1$ Point-Group Symmetry: Characterization of the Optically-Excited Hyperfine Structure of ${}^{167}$Er${}^{3+}$:Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$
• Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy using a single artificial atom
• Electron Spin Resonance with up to 20 Spin Sensitivity Measured using a Superconducting Flux Qubit
• Magnetometry of neurons using a superconducting qubit
• On-Chip Detection of Electronuclear Transitions in the ${}^{155,157}$Gd Multilevel Spin System
• Polarizing electron spins with a superconducting flux qubit
• Dual on-chip SQUID measurement protocol for flux detection in large magnetic fields
• Enhancement of optical coherence in ${}^{167}$Er:Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$ crystal at sub-Kelvin temperatures