Hybrid Electron Spin Resonance and Whispering Gallery Mode Resonance Spectroscopy of Fe3+ in Sapphire

Abstract

The development of a new era of quantum devices requires an understanding of how paramagnetic dopants or impurity spins behave in crystal hosts. Here, we describe a new spectroscopic technique which uses traditional Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) combined with the measurement of a large population of electromagnetic Whispering Gallery (WG) modes. This allows the characterization of the physical parameters of paramagnetic impurity ions in the crystal at low temperatures. We present measurements of two ultra-high purity sapphires cooled to 20 mK in temperature, and determine the concentration of Fe3+ ions and their frequency sensitivity to a DC magnetic field. Our method is different to ESR in that it is possible to track the resonant frequency of the ion from zero applied magnetic field to any arbitrary value, allowing excellent measurement precision. This high precision reveals anisotropic behaviour of the Zeeman splitting, which has not been previously reported. In both crystals, each Zeeman component demonstrates a different g-factor.

arXiv comment10 pages, 11 figures

References in corpus (13)

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• Revised value of the eighth-order QED contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron
• Rare earth spin ensemble magnetically coupled to a superconducting resonator
• Maser Oscillation in a Whispering-Gallery-Mode Microwave Resonator
• Measurement of fundamental thermal noise limit in a cryogenic sapphire frequency standard using bimodal maser oscillations
• Four Wave Mixing from Fe3+ Spins in Sapphire
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• Single Crystal Sapphire at milli-Kelvin Temperatures: Observation of Electromagnetically Induced Thermal Bistability in High Q-factor Whispering Gallery Modes
• Creating traveling waves from standing waves from the gyrotropic paramagnetic properties of Fe${}^{3+}$ ions in a high-Q whispering gallery mode sapphire resonator
• Low-loss Materials for high Q-factor Bragg Reflector Resonators
• Frequency Conversion in a High Q-factor Sapphire Whispering Gallery Mode Resonator due to Paramagnetic Nonlinearity
• Dispersive readout scheme for a Josephson phase qubit
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Cited by in corpus (13)

• Direct Terrestrial Test of Lorentz Symmetry in Electrodynamics to 10${}^{-18}$
• Precision measurement of the microwave dielectric loss of sapphire in the quantum regime with parts-per-billion sensitivity
• Spin-Photon Interaction in a Cavity with Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking
• Strong Coupling Between P1 Diamond Impurity Centres and 3D Lumped Photonic Microwave Cavity
• Strong Coupling between Whispering Gallery Modes and Chromium Ions in Ruby
• Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Er${}^{3+}$:Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$ Using Josephson Bifurcation Amplifier: Observation of Hyperfine and Quadrupole Structures
• Controlling a whispering gallery doublet mode avoided frequency crossing: Strong coupling between photon bosonic and spin degrees of freedom
• Influence of the ESR saturation on the power sensitivity of cryogenic sapphire resonators
• Spin bath maser in a cryogenically cooled sapphire whispering gallery mode resonator
• Low-Temperature Microwave Properties of Biaxial YAlO3
• Aggregate Frequency Width, Nuclear Hyperfine Coupling and Jahn-Teller Effect of $C{u}^{2+}$ Impurity Ion ESR in $SrLaAl{O}_4$ Dielectric Resonator at $20$ Millikelvin
• Rigorous ESR spectroscopy of $F{e}^{3+}$ impurity ion with oxygen vacancy in ferroelectric $SrTi{O}_3$ crystal at 20 mK
• Magnetic sensitivity of the Microwave Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillator