Hyperfine spectroscopy in a quantum-limited spectrometer

Abstract

We report measurements of electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) performed at millikelvin temperatures in a custom-built high-sensitivity spectrometer based on superconducting micro-resonators. The high quality factor and small mode volume (down to 0.2pL) of the resonator allow to probe a small number of spins, down to $5\cdot 10^2$. We measure 2-pulse ESEEM on two systems: erbium ions coupled to ${}^{183}$W nuclei in a natural-abundance ${\text{CaWO}}_4$ crystal, and bismuth donors coupled to residual ${}^{29}$Si nuclei in a silicon substrate that was isotopically enriched in the ${}^{28}$Si isotope. We also measure 3- and 5-pulse ESEEM for the bismuth donors in silicon. Quantitative agreement is obtained for both the hyperfine coupling strength of proximal nuclei, and the nuclear spin concentration.

arXiv comment15 pages, 11 figures

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Cited by in corpus (3)

• Quantum sensing of a coherent single spin excitation in a nuclear ensemble
• Precision Multi-Mode Microwave Spectroscopy of Paramagnetic and Rare-Earth Ion Spin Defects in Single Crystal Calcium Tungstate
• Transition metal ion ensembles in crystals as solid-state coherent spin-photon interfaces: The case of nickel in magnesium oxide