The Clustering Evolution of Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies

Abstract

We present predictions for the clustering of galaxies selected by their emission at far infra-red (FIR) and sub-millimetre wavelengths. This includes the first predictions for the effect of clustering biases induced by the coarse angular resolution of single-dish telescopes at these wavelengths. We combine a new version of the GALFORM model of galaxy formation with a self-consistent model for calculating the absorption and re-emission of radiation by interstellar dust. Model galaxies selected at $850$ $\mu$m reside in dark matter halos of mass $M_{\mathrm{halo}}\sim 10^{11.5}-10^{12}$ $h^{-1}$ M${}_{\odot }$, independent of redshift (for $0.2\lesssim z\lesssim 4$) or flux (for $0.25\lesssim S_{850\mu \mathrm{m}}\lesssim 4$ mJy). At $z\sim 2.5$, the brightest galaxies ($S_{850\mu \mathrm{m}}>4$ mJy) exhibit a correlation length of $r_0=5.5_{-0.5}^{+0.3}$ $h^{-1}$ Mpc, consistent with observations. We show that these galaxies have descendants with stellar masses $M_{\star }\sim 10^{11}$ $h^{-1}$ M${}_{\odot }$ occupying halos spanning a broad range in mass $M_{\mathrm{halo}}\sim 10^{12}-10^{14}$ $h^{-1}$ M${}_{\odot }$. The FIR emissivity at shorter wavelengths ($250$, $350$ and $500$ $\mu$m) is also dominated by galaxies in the halo mass range $M_{\mathrm{halo}}\sim 10^{11.5}-10^{12}$ $h^{-1}$ M${}_{\odot }$, again independent of redshift (for $0.5\lesssim z\lesssim 5$). We compare our predictions for the angular power spectrum of cosmic infra-red background anisotropies at these wavelengths with observations, finding agreement to within a factor of $\sim 2$ over all scales and wavelengths, an improvement over earlier versions of the model. Simulating images at $850$ $\mu$m, we show that confusion effects boost the measured angular correlation function on all scales by a factor of $\sim 4$. This has important consequences, potentially leading to inferred halo masses being overestimated by an order of magnitude.

21 pages, 18 figures, Accepted by MNRAS

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