Observation of directly interacting coherent two-level systems in a solid

Abstract

Parasitic two-level tunneling systems originating from structural material defects affect the functionality of various microfabricated devices by acting as a source of noise. In particular, superconducting quantum bits may be sensitive to even single defects when these reside in the tunnel barrier of the qubit's Josephson junctions, and this can be exploited to observe and manipulate the quantum states of individual tunneling systems. Here, we detect and fully characterize a system of two strongly interacting defects using a novel technique for high-resolution spectroscopy. Mutual defect coupling has been conjectured to explain various anomalies of glasses, and was recently suggested as the origin of low frequency noise in superconducting devices. Our study provides conclusive evidence of defect interactions with full access to the individual constituents, demonstrating the potential of superconducting qubits for studying material defects. All our observations are consistent with the assumption that defects are generated by atomic tunneling.

arXiv comment13 pages, 7 figures. Includes supplementary material

References in corpus (20)

• Logic gates at the surface code threshold: Superconducting qubits poised for fault-tolerant quantum computing
• Decoherence in Josephson Qubits from Dielectric Loss
• Decoherence in Josephson Qubits from Junction Resonances
• State tomography of capacitively shunted phase qubits with high fidelity
• Evidence for interacting two-level systems from the 1/f noise of a superconducting resonator
• Lifetime and Coherence of Two-Level Defects in a Josephson Junction
• Multiplexed dispersive readout of superconducting phase qubits
• Measuring the temperature dependence of individual two-level systems by direct coherent control
• High resolution measurements of the switching current in a Josephson tunnel junction: Thermal activation and macroscopic quantum tunneling
• Polaronic model of Two Level Systems in amorphous solids
• One- and two-photon spectroscopy of a flux qubit coupled to a microscopic defect
• Microscopic Model of Critical Current Noise in Josephson Junctions
• Delocalised oxygen as the origin of two-level defects in Josephson junctions
• Quantitative evaluation of defect-models in superconducting phase qubits
• Tunneling Spectroscopy of Two-level Systems Inside Josephson Junction
• Microscopic model of critical current noise in Josephson-junction qubits: Subgap resonances and Andreev bound states
• Dispersive readout scheme for a Josephson phase qubit
• Geometrical simplification of the dipole-dipole interaction formula
• Entangling microscopic defects via a macroscopic quantum shuttle
• $T_1$-Echo Sequence - Protecting the state of a qubit in the presence of coherent interaction

Cited by in corpus (97)

• Towards understanding two-level-systems in amorphous solids -- Insights from quantum circuits
• Correlating decoherence in transmon qubits: Low frequency noise by single fluctuators
• Electric field spectroscopy of material defects in transmon qubits
• Qubit noise spectroscopy for non-Gaussian dephasing environments
• Interacting two-level defects as sources of fluctuating high-frequency noise in superconducting circuits
• High Kinetic Inductance NbN Nanowire Superinductors
• Environmental noise spectroscopy with qubits subjected to dynamical decoupling
• Understanding Quality Factor Degradation in Superconducting Niobium Cavities at Low Microwave Field Amplitudes
• Two-level systems in superconducting quantum devices due to trapped quasiparticles
• Heralded Generation and Detection of Entangled Microwave--Optical Photon Pairs
• Many-body localization transition with power-law interactions: Statistics of eigenstates
• Suppression of 1/f noise in solid state quantum devices by surface spin desorption
• Non-Gaussian noise spectroscopy with a superconducting qubit sensor
• Steady-state coherences by composite system-bath interactions
• Decoherence spectroscopy with individual two-level tunneling defects
• Microwave photon-mediated interactions between semiconductor qubits
• Substrate surface engineering for high-quality silicon/aluminum superconducting resonators
• Projected dipole moments of individual two-level defects extracted using circuit quantum electrodynamics
• Analysis of high quality superconducting resonators: consequences for TLS properties in amorphous oxides
• TLS Dynamics in a Superconducting Qubit Due to Background Ionizing Radiation
• Soft Modes, Localization and Two-Level Systems in Spin Glasses
• Energy transport in the Anderson insulator
• Spectroscopy of cross-correlations of environmental noises with two qubits
• Resolving the positions of defects in superconducting quantum bits
• Noise and loss of superconducting aluminium resonators at single photon energies
• Suspending superconducting qubits by silicon micromachining
• Mitigation of frequency collisions in superconducting quantum processors
• Mitigation of interfacial dielectric loss in aluminum-on-silicon superconducting qubits
• Probing individual tunneling fluctuators with coherently controlled tunneling systems
• Correlating the nanostructure of Al-oxide with deposition conditions and dielectric contributions of two-level systems in perspective of superconducting quantum circuits
• Probing defect densities at the edges and inside Josephson junctions of superconducting qubits
• Quantum Sensors for Microscopic Tunneling Systems
• Electronic Decoherence of Two-Level Systems in a Josephson Junction
• Amplitude and frequency sensing of microwave fields with a superconducting transmon qudit
• Low-Loss Superconducting Nanowire Circuits Using a Neon Focused Ion Beam
• Effects of Laser-Annealing on Fixed-Frequency Superconducting Qubits
• Transmission-line resonators for the study of individual two-level tunneling systems
• Acoustic spectral hole-burning in a two-level system ensemble
• Enhancing the Coherence of Superconducting Quantum Bits with Electric Fields
• Generation of Ultra-Low Power Phononic Combs
• Trispectrum reconstruction of non-Gaussian noise
• Robust Quantum Gates against Correlated Noise in Integrated Quantum Chips
• Finite size bath in qubit thermodynamics
• Probing a two-level system bath via the frequency shift of an off-resonantly-driven cavity
• Nonequilibrium heat transport and work with a single artificial atom coupled to a waveguide: emission without external driving
• Resource-efficient digital characterization and control of classical non-Gaussian noise
• Stabilizing and improving qubit coherence by engineering noise spectrum of two-level systems
• Dynamical Decoupling of Quantum Two-Level Systems by Coherent Multiple Landau-Zener Transitions
• Second-order decoherence mechanisms of a transmon qubit probed with thermal microwave states
• Driven-state relaxation of a coupled qubit-defect system in spin-locking measurements
• Mitigating Losses of Superconducting Qubits Strongly Coupled to Defect Modes
• Protecting superconducting qubits from phonon mediated decay
• Argon milling induced decoherence mechanisms in superconducting quantum circuits
• Observation of giant two-level systems in a granular superconductor
• Development of transmon qubits solely from optical lithography on 300mm wafers
• Signatures of Many-Body Localization in the Dynamics of Two-Level Systems in Glasses
• Multi-Transparency Windows and Fano interference Induced by Dipole-Dipole Couplings
• Real-time simulation of flux qubits used for quantum annealing
• Compact vacuum gap transmon qubits: Selective and sensitive probes for superconductor surface losses
• Low-Energy Backgrounds in Solid-State Phonon and Charge Detectors
• Stabilization of Qubit Relaxation Rates by Frequency Modulation
• High-Order Qubit Dephasing at Sweet Spots by Non-Gaussian Fluctuators: Symmetry Breaking and Floquet Protection
• Strain-spectroscopy of strongly interacting defects in superconducting qubits
• Simulating noise on a quantum processor: interactions between a qubit and resonant two-level system bath
• Amorphous quantum magnets in a two-dimensional Rydberg atom array
• Design of a Cooper pair box electrometer for application to solid-state and astroparticle physics
• In-situ scanning gate imaging of individual two-level material defects in live superconducting quantum circuits
• Analogue Quantum Simulation with Fixed-Frequency Transmon Qubits
• Effective Gibbs state for averaged observables
• Probing interacting two-level systems with rare-earth ions
• Rabi noise spectroscopy of individual two-level tunneling defects
• Open-System Quantum Error Correction
• Realizing Lattice Surgery on Two Distance-Three Repetition Codes with Superconducting Qubits
• The effect of interactions and disorder on the relaxation of two-level systems in amorphous solids
• Experimental quantum decoherence control by dark states of the environment
• Anomalous low-energy properties in amorphous solids and the interplay of electric and elastic interactions of tunneling two-level systems
• Material matters in superconducting qubits
• Mesoscopic Quantum Thermo-mechanics: a new frontier of experimental physics
• Non-Hermitian wave packet approximation for coupled two-level systems in weak and intense fields
• Correlated frequency noise in a multimode acoustic resonator
• Anomalous Loss Reduction Below Two-Level System Saturation in Aluminum Superconducting Resonators
• Identification of soft modes in amorphous Al${}_2$O${}_3$ via first-principles
• Quantum defects from single surface exhibit strong mutual interactions
• Suppressed paramagnetism in amorphous Ta${}_2$O${}_{5-x}$ oxides and its link to superconducting qubit performance
• Intermodulation spectroscopy and the nonlinear response of two-level systems in superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators
• A 3D investigation of delocalised oxygen two-level defects in Josephson junctions
• A cat qubit stabilization scheme using a voltage biased Josephson junction
• Effect of Etching Methods on Dielectric Losses in Transmons
• Towards generic adiabatic elimination for bipartite open quantum systems
• A fermion phenomenology of low-temperature strongly-noncrystalline solids
• Dynamic phases induced by two-level system defects on driven qubits
• Dynamical system analysis of quantum tunneling in an asymmetric double-well potential
• Quantum synchronization in disordered superconducting metamaterials
• Low-temperature spin dynamics in LAFO thin films: from cubic anisotropy to TLS-limited coherence
• Spectroscopy and Coherent Control of Two-Level System Defect Ensembles Using a Broadband 3D Waveguide
• Superconducting on-chip spectrometer for mesoscopic quantum systems
• Stability of superconducting resonators: motional narrowing and the role of Landau-Zener driving of two-level defects