Arbitrarily small amount of measurement independence is sufficient to manifest quantum nonlocality
arXiv:1407.5634 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.190402
Abstract
The use of Bell's theorem in any application or experiment relies on the assumption of free choice or, more precisely, measurement independence, meaning that the measurements can be chosen freely. Here, we prove that even in the simplest Bell test - one involving 2 parties each performing 2 binary-outcome measurements - an arbitrarily small amount of measurement independence is sufficient to manifest quantum nonlocality. To this end, we introduce the notion of measurement dependent locality and show that the corresponding correlations form a convex polytope. These correlations can thus be characterized efficiently, e.g., using a finite set of Bell-like inequalities - an observation that enables the systematic study of quantum nonlocality and related applications under limited measurement independence.
5+5 pages, 3 figures
References in corpus (2)
Cited by in corpus (59)
- Quantum random number generation
- Challenging local realism with human choices
- Cosmic Bell Test: Measurement Settings from Milky Way Stars
- Cosmic Bell Test using Random Measurement Settings from High-Redshift Quasars
- Advances in device-independent quantum key distribution
- Geometry of the set of quantum correlations
- A unifying framework for relaxations of the causal assumptions in Bell's theorem
- Physics without Determinism: Alternative Interpretations of Classical Physics
- Testing Local Realism into the Past without Detection and Locality Loopholes
- Requirements for a loophole-free photonic Bell test using imperfect setting generators
- Causal hierarchy of multipartite Bell nonlocality
- The type-independent resource theory of local operations and shared randomness
- Device-independent point estimation from finite data and its application to device-independent property estimation
- Towards a realization of device-independent quantum key distribution
- Quantum nonlocality in networks can be demonstrated with an arbitrarily small level of independence between the sources
- Relaxed Bell Inequalities with Arbitrary Measurement Dependence for Each Observer
- Quantum nonlocality with arbitrary limited detection efficiency
- Quantum nonlocality with arbitrary limited detection efficiency
- Violations of locality and free choice are equivalent resources in Bell experiments
- Quantum violations in the Instrumental scenario and their relations to the Bell scenario
- Quantifying causal influences in the presence of a quantum common cause
- Measurement-dependent locality beyond i.i.d
- Randomness Requirement on CHSH Bell Test in the Multiple Run Scenario
- Device-independent Randomness Amplification and Privatization
- Demonstration of Quantum Nonlocality in presence of Measurement Dependence
- Experimental nonclassicality in a causal network without assuming freedom of choice
- Measurement dependent locality
- Quantum Randomness Generation by Probability Estimation with Classical Side Information
- Measurement-dependence cost for Bell nonlocality: causal vs retrocausal models
- Bounding the plausibility of physical theories in a device-independent setting via hypothesis testing
- Astronomical random numbers for quantum foundations experiments
- Quantum correlations on the no-signaling boundary: self-testing and more
- Non-signaling Causal Hierarchy of General Multisource Networks
- Counterfactual restrictions and Bell's theorem
- Potentiality realism: A realistic and indeterministic physics based on propensities
- Topologically Robust Quantum Network Nonlocality
- Tilted Hardy paradoxes for device-independent randomness extraction
- Clauser-Horne Bell test with imperfect random inputs
- Test of the physical significance of Bell nonlocality
- Detection loophole in quantum causality and its countermeasures
- Relaxed Bell inequalities as a trade-off relation between measurement dependence and hiddenness
- Testing of quantum nonlocal correlations under constrained free will and imperfect detectors
- Context-independent mapping and free choice are equivalent
- Quantum nonlocality in presence of strong measurement dependence
- Bell nonlocality in quantum networks with unreliable sources: Loophole-free postelection via self-testing
- Experimental test of measurement dependent local Bell inequality with human free will
- Explaining quantum correlations through evolution of causal models
- Decoherence-assisted detection of entanglement of two qubit states
- Causal Networks and Freedom of Choice in Bell's Theorem
- Hardy-type paradoxes for an arbitrary symmetric bipartite Bell scenario
- A No-go theorem for device-independent security in relativistic causal theories
- Detection Efficiency Bounds in (Semi-)Device-Independent Scenarios
- Tight Bound on Randomness for Violating the CHSH Inequality
- Bell vs Bell: a ding-dong battle over quantum incompleteness
- Bell Meets General Philosophers of Science : Reassessing Measurement Independence
- Interplay between Quantumness, Randomness, and Selftesting
- Randomness-free Detection of Non-projective Measurements: Qubits & beyond
- Trade-off relations between measurement dependence and hidden information for factorizable hidden variable models
- Comparing the cost of violating causal assumptions in Bell experiments: locality, free choice and arrow-of-time