A self-referenced single-electron quantized-current source

Abstract

With the anticipated redefinition of the international system of units (SI) the base units will be linked to fundamental constants of nature [1]. As for the electrical base unit "Ampere", it will be linked to the elementary charge e, requiring a corresponding quantum standard [2, 3]. Many concepts for such a standard have been investigated [4-14] relying on controlling the time-dependent tunnelling of electrons. However, the stochastic nature of quantum mechanical tunnelling intrinsically evokes uncontrolled deviations from the nominally quantized current. Alternatively, the counting of electrons [15, 16] has been explored but is severely limited in current amplitude and uncertainty by the low detector bandwidth. The late M. Wulf proposed [17] that this fundamental problem of electrical quantum metrology could be overcome by combining serial single-electron pumps with charge detectors allowing the generation of a quantized current and the in-situ detection of its stochastic deviations. Here, we experimentally demonstrate such quantized-current generation with in-situ detection of tunnelling errors at low frequencies and a reduction of the total current uncertainty by more than one order of magnitude. After frequency scaling this should enable a validated primary standard for the redefined SI base unit Ampere.

References in corpus (4)

• Single-parameter non-adiabatic quantized charge pumping
• Robust single-parameter quantized charge pumping
• Counting statistics for electron capture in a dynamic quantum dot
• A quantized current source with mesoscopic feedback

Cited by in corpus (29)

• Shuttling a single charge across a one-dimensional array of silicon quantum dots
• Non-adiabatic quantized charge pumping with tunable-barrier quantum dots: a review of current progress
• Validation of a quantized-current source with 0.2 ppm uncertainty
• Evidence for universality of tunable-barrier electron pumps
• Strong suppression of shot noise in a feedback-controlled single-electron transistor
• Electron pumping in the strong coupling and non-Markovian regime: A reaction coordinate mapping approach
• Interaction effect on adiabatic pump of charge and spin in quantum dot
• The ampere and the electrical units in the quantum era
• Electron waiting times of a periodically driven single-electron turnstile
• Dispersive readout of a silicon quantum dot with an accumulation-mode gate sensor
• Precision measurement of an electron pump at 2 GHz
• High-resolution error detection in the capture process of a single-electron pump
• Optimization of quantized charge pumping using full counting statistics
• Full Counting Statistics of a Non-adiabatic Electron Pump
• Dynamic Cooper Pair Splitter
• A random-walk benchmark for single-electron circuits
• Electron-Tunneling-Assisted Non-Abelian Braiding of Rotating Majorana Bound States
• Non-adiabatic single-electron pump in a dopant-free GaAs/AlGaAs 2DEG
• Electron counting capacitance standard and quantum metrology triangle experiments at PTB
• Dopant-controlled single-electron pumping through a metallic island
• Long-range Fermi sea correlations as the resource for encoding quantum information
• On new definitions of SI base units. Why is the "atomic" kilogram preferable
• Electron shuttle as an autonomous single-electron source
• Quantum transport phenomena induced by time-dependent fields
• Single electron routing in a silicon quantum-dot array
• Traceable precision pA direct current measurements with the ULCA
• Coupling-energy driven pumping through quantum dots: Role of coherences
• Controlling the error mechanism in a tunable-barrier non-adiabatic charge pump by dynamic gate compensation
• Suppression of back-tunnelling events in hybrid single-electron turnstiles by source-drain bias modulation