Measurement of the electronic thermal conductance channels and heat capacity of graphene at low temperature

Abstract

The ability to transport energy is a fundamental property of the two-dimensional Dirac fermions in graphene. Electronic thermal transport in this system is relatively unexplored and is expected to show unique fundamental properties and to play an important role in future applications of graphene, including opto-electronics, plasmonics, and ultra-sensitive bolometry. Here we present measurements of bipolar, electron-diffusion and electron-phonon thermal conductances, and infer the electronic specific heat, with a minimum value of 10 $k_{\mathrm{B}}$ ($10^{-22}$ JK${}^{-1}$) per square micron. We test the validity of the Wiedemann-Franz law and find the Lorenz number equals $1.32\times ({\pi }^2/3)(k_{\mathrm{B}}/e{)}^2$. The electron-phonon thermal conductance has a temperature power law $T^2$ at high doping levels, and the coupling parameter is consistent with recent theory, indicating its enhancement by impurity scattering. We demonstrate control of the thermal conductance by electrical gating and by suppressing the diffusion channel using superconducting electrodes, which sets the stage for future graphene-based single microwave photon detection.

References in corpus (17)

• Boron nitride substrates for high-quality graphene electronics
• Giant Intrinsic Carrier Mobilities in Graphene and Its Bilayer
• Intrinsic and Extrinsic Performance Limits of Graphene Devices on SiO2
• Thermal properties of graphene: Fundamentals and applications
• Temperature dependent transport in suspended graphene
• Controlling electron-phonon interactions in graphene at ultra high carrier densities
• Thermoelectric and Magnetothermoelectric Transport Measurements of Graphene
• The thermopower and Nernst Effect in graphene in a magnetic field
• Electron-phonon heat transfer in monolayer and bilayer graphene
• Shot Noise in Ballistic Graphene
• Observation of neutral modes in the fractional quantum Hall regime
• Supercollision cooling in undoped graphene
• Slow imbalance relaxation and thermoelectric transport in graphene
• Quantum-critical relativistic magnetotransport in graphene
• Hot electron cooling by acoustic phonons in graphene
• Anomalous thermodynamics of Coulomb interacting massless Dirac fermions in two spatial dimensions
• Electron-phonon mediated heat flow in disordered graphene

Cited by in corpus (10)

• Force sensitivity of multilayer graphene optomechanical devices
• Bolometer operating at the threshold for circuit quantum electrodynamics
• Fast thermal relaxation in cavity-coupled graphene bolometers with a Johnson noise read-out
• A graphene Zener-Klein transistor cooled by a hyperbolic substrate
• Electronic Thermal Transport Measurement in Low-Dimensional Materials with Graphene Nonlocal Noise Thermometry
• Anomalous terahertz photoconductivity caused by the superballistic flow of hydrodynamic electrons in graphene
• Non-Gaussian diffusive fluctuations in Dirac fluids
• Thermodynamics of free and bound magnons in graphene
• Universality in quantum critical flow of charge and heat in ultra-clean graphene
• Quasiparticle and superfluid dynamics in Magic-Angle Graphene