Evidence of Majorana fermions in an Al - InAs nanowire topological superconductor

Abstract

Majorana fermions are the only fermionic particles that are expected to be their own antiparticles. While elementary particles of the Majorana type were not identified yet, quasi-particles with Majorana like properties, born from interacting electrons in the solid, were predicted to exist. Here, we present thorough experimental studies, backed by numerical simulations, of a system composed of an aluminum superconductor in proximity to an indium arsenide nanowire, with the latter possessing strong spin-orbit coupling. An induced 1d topological superconductor - supporting Majorana fermions at both ends - is expected to form. We concentrate on the characteristics of a distinct zero bias conductance peak (ZBP), and its splitting in energy, both appearing only with a small magnetic field applied along the wire. The ZBP was found to be robustly tied to the Fermi energy over a wide range of system parameters. While not providing a definite proof of a Majorana state, the presented data and the simulations support strongly its existence.

References in corpus (13)

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• Observing Majorana Bound States in p-wave Superconductors Using Noise Measurements in Tunneling Experiments
• Direct Measurement of the Spin-Orbit Interaction in a Two-Electron InAs Nanowire Quantum Dot
• Zero bias conductance peak in Majorana wires made of semiconductor-superconductor hybrid structures
• Multi-mode Fabry-Pérot conductance oscillations in suspended stacking-faults-free InAs nanowires
• Mutation of Andreev into Majorana bound states in long NS and SNS junctions
• Entangling electrons by splitting Cooper pairs: Two-particle conductance resonance and time coincidence measurements

Cited by in corpus (298)

• Observation of Majorana Fermions in Ferromagnetic Atomic Chains on a Superconductor
• Observation of Majorana Fermions in a Nb-InSb Nanowire-Nb Hybrid Quantum Device
• Majorana bound states in a coupled quantum-dot hybrid-nanowire system
• Colloquium: Majorana Fermions in nuclear, particle and solid-state physics
• Anomalous modulation of a zero bias peak in a hybrid nanowire-superconductor device
• Epitaxy of Semiconductor-Superconductor nanowires
• Scaling of Majorana Zero-Bias Conductance Peaks
• Hard gap in epitaxial semiconductor-superconductor nanowires
• Observation of Topological Phase Transitions in Photonic Quasicrystals
• Towards a realistic transport modeling in a superconducting nanowire with Majorana fermions
• Anomalous Josephson effect induced by spin-orbit interaction and Zeeman effect in semiconductor nanowires
• Edge-mode Superconductivity in a Two Dimensional Topological Insulator
• Kitaev chains with long-range pairing
• Ballistic superconductivity in semiconductor nanowires
• SNS junctions in nanowires with spin-orbit coupling: role of confinement and helicity on the sub-gap spectrum
• Topological Superconductivity induced by Ferromagnetic Metal Chains
• Strong localization of Majorana end states in chains of magnetic adatoms
• Fermion-parity anomaly of the critical supercurrent in the quantum spin-Hall effect
• Majorana Fermions and Odd-frequency Cooper Pairs in a Nano Wire
• Andreev rectifier: a nonlocal conductance signature of topological phase transitions
• Fermion Fractionalization to Majorana Fermions in Dimerized Kitaev Superconductor
• Topological Yu-Shiba-Rusinov chain from spin-orbit coupling
• Visualization of Topological Boundary Modes Manifesting Topological Nodal-Point Superconductivity
• Kramers Pairs of Majorana Fermions and Parafermions in Fractional Topological Insulators
• Majorana Fermions: The race continues
• Shiba states and zero-bias anomalies in the hybrid normal-superconductor Anderson model
• Single fermion manipulation via superconducting phase differences in multiterminal Josephson junctions
• Majorana bound states and non-local spin correlations in a quantum wire on an unconventional superconductor
• Majorana splitting from critical currents in Josephson junctions
• A road to reality with topological superconductors
• Probing Majorana Physics in Quantum Dot Shot Noise Experiments
• Signatures of Majorana Zero Modes in Spin-Resolved Current Correlations
• Non-Abelian parafermions in time-reversal invariant interacting helical systems
• Tuning Yu-Shiba-Rusinov States in a Quantum Dot
• Topological Semimetal Nanostructures: From Properties to Topotronics
• On controlling the bound states in quantum-dot hybrid-nanowire
• Floquet engineering of long-range p-wave superconductivity
• Interaction effects on a Majorana zero mode leaking into a quantum dot
• Majorana modes and $p$-wave superfluids for fermionic atoms in optical lattices
• Giant spin orbit interaction due to rotating magnetic fields in graphene nanoribbons
• Many-body characterization of topological superconductivity: The Richardson-Gaudin-Kitaev chain
• Majorana Fermions in Chiral Topological Ferromagnetic Nanowires
• Parity independence of the zero-bias conductance peak in a nanowire based topological superconductor-quantum dot hybrid device
• Tip induced unconventional superconductivity on Weyl semimetal TaAs
• Strongly interacting Majorana fermions
• Fermionic and Majorana Bound States in Hybrid Nanowires with Non-Uniform Spin-Orbit Interaction
• Role of dissipation in realistic Majorana nanowires
• Anomalous Fraunhofer Interference in Epitaxial Superconductor-Semiconductor Josephson Junctions
• Majorana Fermions in Ge/Si Hole Nanowires
• Majorana fermions in ferromagnetic chains on the surface of bulk spin-orbit coupled $s$-wave superconductors
• Unpaired Floquet Majorana fermions without magnetic fields
• Detecting Majoranas in 1D wires by charge sensing
• Quantum Spin Hall Effect in Strip of Stripes Model
• Topological States in a One-Dimensional Fermi Gas with Attractive Interactions
• Shortcuts to nonabelian braiding
• A comprehensive review on topological superconducting materials and interfaces
• Electron temperature and tunnel coupling dependence of zero-bias and almost-zero-bias conductance peaks in Majorana nanowires
• Interplay of topological phases in magnetic adatom-chains on top of a Rashba superconducting surface
• Influence of Topological Edge States on the Properties of Al/Bi2Se3/Al Hybrid Josephson Devices
• Quantized conductance and large g-factor anisotropy in InSb quantum point contacts
• Self-organized topological state in the magnetic chain on the surface of a superconductor
• Andreev spin qubits in multichannel Rashba nanowires
• Exploring Topological Superconductivity in Topological Materials
• Majorana Braiding Dynamics on Nanowires
• Kaleidoscope of symmetry protected topological phases in one-dimensional periodically modulated lattices
• Zero-energy pinning from interactions in Majorana nanowires
• Assembling Fibonacci Anyons From a ${\mathbb{Z}}_3$ Parafermion Lattice Model
• Chiral Topological Superconductors Enhanced by Long-Range Interactions
• Dimensional crossover in spin-orbit-coupled semiconductor nanowires with induced superconducting pairing
• Measurement-Only Topological Quantum Computation via Tunable Interactions
• Majorana Fermions in Magnetic Chains
• Fractional Fermions with Non-Abelian Statistics
• Topological Phase Detection in Rashba Nanowires with a Quantum Dot
• Optimal Control of Majorana Zero Modes
• Weak-localization and spin-orbit interaction in side-gate field effect devices at the LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ interface
• Majorana fermions in one-dimensional spin-orbit coupled Fermi gases
• Conductance behavior in nanowires with spin-orbit interaction -- A numerical study
• Topological superfluid in a Fermi-Bose mixture with a high critical temperature
• Finite-size effects in a nanowire strongly coupled to a thin superconducting shell
• Criticality in Translation-Invariant Parafermion Chains
• Impurity-induced bound states in superconductors with spin-orbit coupling
• Quench dynamics and parity blocking in Majorana wires
• CaFeAs${}_2$: a Staggered Intercalation of Quantum Spin Hall and High Temperature Superconductivity
• Tuning Topological Superconductivity in Phase-Controlled Josephson Junctions with Rashba and Dresselhaus Spin-Orbit Coupling
• Majorana Kramers pairs in Rashba double nanowires with interactions and disorder
• Majorana qubit rotations in microwave cavities
• Topological superconductivity in planar Josephson junctions: Narrowing down to the nanowire limit
• Presence versus absence of end-to-end nonlocal conductance correlations in Majorana nanowires: Majorana bound states versus Andreev bound states
• Flat Majorana bands in 2-d lattices with inhomogeneous magnetic fields: topology and stability
• Direct cavity detection of Majorana pairs
• Pb/InAs nanowire Josephson junction with high critical current and magnetic flux focusing
• Braiding by Majorana Tracking and Long-Range CNOT Gates with Color Codes
• Dephasing and leakage dynamics of noisy Majorana-based qubits: Topological versus Andreev
• Topological properties of helical Shiba chains with general impurity strength and hybridization
• Microwave-controlled coupling of Majorana bound states
• Parity-to-charge conversion in Majorana qubit readout
• Robustness of Majorana edge modes and topological order -- exact results for the symmetric interacting Kitaev chain with disorder
• Quasiparticle Interference Studies of Quantum Materials
• Thermoelectric transport through Majorana bound states and violation of Wiedemann-Franz law
• Competing Abelian and non-Abelian topological orders in $\nu =1/3+1/3$ quantum Hall bilayers
• Search for superconducting proximity effect in a topological insulator and high temperature superconductor heterostructure Bi2Se3/Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+
• Odd-frequency pair in topological superconductivity of 1D magnetic chain
• Manipulating Majorana Fermions in Quantum Nanowires with Broken Inversion Symmetry
• Detecting topological superconductivity using low-frequency doubled Shapiro steps
• Current noise cross correlation mediated by Majorana bound states
• Imprint of topological degeneracy in quasi-one-dimensional fractional quantum Hall states
• Bethe ansatz solution of the topological Kondo model
• Floquet Second Order Topological Superconductor based on Unconventional Pairing
• Anomalous Proximity Effect and Theoretical Design for its Realization
• Josephson effect in multiterminal topological junctions
• Tuning topological superconductivity in helical Shiba chains by supercurrent
• Rapid detection of coherent tunneling in an InAs nanowire quantum dot through dispersive gate sensing
• Anomalous conductances in an ultracold quantum wire
• Topological properties of multi-terminal superconducting nanostructures: effect of a continuous spectrum
• Disentangling Majorana fermions from conventional zero energy states in semiconductor quantum wires
• Tilting of the magnetic field in Majorana nanowires: critical angle and zero-energy differential conductance
• Tunneling transport in NSN junctions made of Majorana nanowires across the topological quantum phase transition
• Subband occupation in semiconductor-superconductor nanowires
• General framework for transport in spin-orbit-coupled superconducting heterostructures: Nonuniform spin-orbit coupling and spin-orbit-active interfaces
• Topological superconductivity and Majorana states in low-dimensional systems
• Non-Fermi liquid manifold in a Majorana device
• Tunneling spectroscopy of Majorana-Kondo devices
• Topology of Triple-Point Metals
• Electronic structure of full-shell InAs/Al hybrid semiconductor-superconductor nanowires: Spin-orbit coupling and topological phase space
• Superconductivity in the surface state of noble metal gold and its Fermi level tuning by EuS dielectric
• Protocol to identify a topological superconducting phase in a three-terminal device
• On the bulk boundary correspondence and the existence of Majorana bound states on the edges of 2D topological superconductors
• Josephson effect in superconducting wires supporting multiple Majorana edge states
• Thermopower of three-terminal topological superconducting systems
• Electrostatic tailoring of magnetic interference in quantum point contact ballistic Josephson junctions
• Majorana/Andreev crossover and the fate of the topological phase transition in inhomogeneous nanowires
• Full proximity treatment of topological superconductors in Josephson-junction architectures
• DIII Topological Superconductivity with Emergent Time-Reversal Symmetry
• Conductance spectroscopy on Majorana wires and the inverse proximity effect
• Effects of tilting the magnetic field in 1D Majorana nanowires
• Universal nonequilibrium signatures of Majorana zero modes in quench dynamics
• Robustness of the Kondo effect in a quantum dot coupled to Majorana zero modes
• Superconducting parity effect across the Anderson limit
• Proximity-induced superconductivity and Josephson critical current in quantum spin Hall systems
• Spontaneous Formation of a Superconductor-Topological Insulator-Normal Metal Layered Heterostructure
• Topological Fulde-Ferrell Superfluids of a Spin-Orbit Coupled Fermi Gas
• Majorana fermion exchange in strictly one dimensional structures
• Many-terminal Majorana island: from Topological to Multi-Channel Kondo Model
• Degeneracy lifting of Majorana bound states due to electron-phonon interactions
• Phenomenology of soft gap, zero bias peak, and zero mode splitting in ideal Majorana nanowires
• Conductance spectroscopy of nontopological-topological superconductor junctions
• Magnetic-Field-Induced Topological Reorganization of a P-wave Superconductor
• Majorana Bound States in Double Nanowires with Reduced Zeeman Thresholds due to Supercurrents
• Probing the Antisymmetric Fano Interference Assisted by a Majorana Fermion
• Chiral zero modes in superconducting nanowires with Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling
• Majorana mode leaking into a spin-charge entangled double quantum dot
• Robustness of Topological Superconductivity in Proximity-Coupled Topological Insulator Nanoribbons
• Hybrid Superconductor-Quantum Point Contact Devices using InSb Nanowires
• Progress in superconductor-semiconductor topological Josephson junctions
• Entanglement modes and topological phase transitions in superconductors
• Interaction effects on proximity-induced superconductivity in semiconducting nanowires
• Impurity probe of topological superfluid in one-dimensional spin-orbit coupled atomic Fermi gases
• Topological superconductivity in tripartite superconductor-ferromagnet-semiconductor nanowires
• $Z_4$ parafermion $\pm \pi /2$ modes in interacting periodically driven superconducting chain
• Hidden-symmetry-protected topological phases on a one-dimensional lattice
• Generalized Eilenberger theory for Majorana zero-mode-carrying disordered $p$-wave superconductors
• Magnetic impurities in spin-split superconductors
• Dynamics of hybrid junctions of Majorana wires
• Enhanced current noise correlations in a Coulomb-Majorana device
• Topological superfluidity of lattice fermions inside a Bose-Einstein condensate
• Absence of supercurrent sign reversal in a topological junction with a quantum dot
• Realizing Topological Superconductivity with Superlattices
• Conductance interference in a superconducting Coulomb blockaded Majorana ring
• The transport properties of Floquet topological superconductors at the transition from the topological phase to the Anderson localized phase
• Viewing Majorana Bound States by Rabi Oscillations
• Observation of fractional quantum Hall effect in an InAs quantum well
• Possible realization of a chiral p-wave paired state in a two component system
• Observation of the anisotropic Dirac cone in the band dispersion of 112-structured iron-based superconductor Ca0.9La0.1FeAs2
• Strain induced topological phase transition at zigzag edges of monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides
• Testing the formation of Majorana states using the Majorana Polarization
• Majorana Entanglement Bridge
• Nb/InAs nanowire proximity junctions from Josephson to quantum dot regimes
• Majorana modes and complex band structure of quantum wires
• Local Quench, Majorana Zero Modes, and Disturbance Propagation in the Ising chain
• Effects of decoherence on diabatic errors in Majorana braiding
• MBE growth of self-assisted InAs nanowires on graphene
• Majorana zero modes induced by superconducting phase bias
• Andreev and Majorana bound states in single and double quantum dot structures
• Detecting coupling of Majorana bound states with an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer
• Majorana states and magnetic orbital motion in planar hybrid nanowires
• Dirac-Fermion-Assisted Interfacial Superconductivity in Epitaxial Topological Insulator/Iron Chalcogenide Heterostructures
• Probing Majorana-like states in quantum dots and quantum rings
• Substrate-induced Majorana renormalization in topological nanowires
• Possibility of adiabatic transport of a Majorana edge state through an extended gapless region
• Majorana vortex-bound states in three-dimensional nodal noncentrosymmetric superconductors
• One-dimensional itinerant interacting non-Abelian anyons
• Measurement-only topological quantum computation without forced measurements
• Josephson Coupled Moore-Read States
• Proximity Induced Superconductivity in CdTe-HgTe Core-Shell Nanowires
• Hanbury Brown and Twiss noise correlations in a topological superconductor beam splitter
• Transport in a hybrid normal-topological superconductor Kondo model
• Can non-local conductance spectra conclusively signal Majorana zero modes? -- Insights from von Neumann entropy
• Piezo-driven sample rotation system with ultra-low electron temperature
• Topological transport in Dirac electronic systems: A concise review
• Conductance of a Finite Kitaev Chain
• Chiral $p$-wave superconductivity in a twisted array of proximitized quantum wires
• Engineering Yang-Lee anyons via Majorana bound states
• Influence of long-range interaction on Majorana zero modes
• Effects of finite superconducting coherence lengths and of phase gradients in topological SN and SNS junctions and rings
• Magnetic anisotropy of critical current in nanowire Josephson junction with spin-orbit interaction
• Topological superconductivity at finite temperatures in proximitized magnetic nanowires
• Identify the topological superconducting order in a multi-band quantum wire
• Topological phase transition in the quench dynamics of a one-dimensional Fermi gas
• Enhanced shot noise at bilayer graphene -- superconductor junction
• Characterizations of topological superconductors: Chern numbers, edge states and Majorana zero modes
• Tunnel spectroscopy of Majorana bound states in topological superconductor-quantum dot Josephson junctions
• Electric dipole spin resonance at shallow donors in quantum wires
• Majorana phase-gate based on the geometric phase
• Two-Channel Kondo Physics in a Majorana Island Coupled to a Josephson Junction
• Observation of robust zero-energy state and enhanced superconducting gap in a tri-layer heterostructure of MnTe/Bi2Te3/Fe(Te, Se)
• A ballistic two-dimensional-electron-gas Andreev interferometer
• Type-I and type-II topological nodal superconductors with $s$-wave interaction
• Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Rashba Nanowires
• An experimental proposal to observe non-abelian statistics of Majorana-Shockley fermions in an optical lattice
• Phase diagram of a model for topological superconducting wires
• Vortex pinning by the point potential in topological superconductors: a scheme for braiding Majorana bound states
• Two-impurity helical Majorana problem
• Proximity effects at the interface of a superconductor and a topological insulator in NbN - Bi_2Se_3 thin film bilayers
• NMR Response of Nuclear Spin Helix in Quantum Wires with Hyperfine and Spin-Orbit Interaction
• Conductance oscillations and zero-bias anomaly in a single superconducting junction to a three-dimensional $B{i}_{2}T{e}_3$ topological insulator
• Spectroscopic Visualization of a Robust Electronic Response of Semiconducting Nanowires to Deposition of Superconducting Islands
• Conductance oscillations at the interface between a superconductor and the helical edge channel in a narrow HgTe quantum well
• Orbital angular momentum in a nonchiral topological superconductor
• Conduction spectroscopy of a proximity induced superconducting topological insulator
• Magnetic Field Inducing Zeeman Splitting and Anomalous Conductance Reduction of Half-integer Quantized Plateaus in InAs Quantum Wires
• Shiba Bound States across the mobility edge in doped InAs nanowires
• Evidence for a New Excitation at the Interface Between a High-Tc Superconductor and a Topological Insulator
• Multiple Andreev reflections in s-wave superconductor-quantum dot- topological superconductor tunnel junctions and Majorana bound states
• Extracting entangled qubits from Majorana fermions in quantum dot chains through the measurement of parity
• Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling in [111]-oriented semiconductor nanowires
• Fano interference and a slight fluctuation of the Majorana hallmark
• Generalized parafermions and non-local Josephson effect in multi-layer systems
• Current distributions in stripe Majorana junctions
• Unitary preparation of many body Chern insulators: Adiabatic bulk boundary correspondence
• Zero-energy bound state at the interface between an $s$-wave superconductor and a disordered normal metal with repulsive electron-electron interactions
• Transport properties of an interacting Majorana chain
• Majorana phi0 Junction in a Disordered Spin-orbit Coupling Nanowire with Tilted Magnetic Field
• Quantum Criticality in Resonant Andreev Conduction
• Majorana-Kondo competition in a cross-shaped double quantum dot-topological superconductor system
• Dynamical approach to improving Majorana qubits and distinguishing them from trivial bound states
• Nonequilibrium Andreev bound states population in short superconducting junctions coupled to a resonator
• Transport in topological insulator nanowires
• Zeeman field induced non-trivial topology in a spin-orbit coupled superconductor
• Detecting a quantum critical point in topological SN junctions
• High critical temperature nodal superconductors as building block for time-reversal invariant topological superconductivity
• Unveiling a crystalline topological insulator in a Weyl semimetal with time-reversal symmetry
• Entangled states of two quantum dots mediated by Majorana fermions
• Long range $p$-wave proximity effect into a disordered metal
• Exotic Topological States with Raman-Induced Spin-Orbit Coupling
• Tunable topological phases with fermionic atoms in a one-dimensional flux lattice
• Signatures of enhanced spin-triplet superconductivity induced by interfacial properties
• Majorana fermions in semiconductor nanostructures with two wires connected through ring
• Critical Current Anomaly at the Topological Quantum Phase Transition in a Majorana Josephson Junction
• Charge-impurity-induced Majorana fermions in topological superconductors
• Reduction of $\mathbb{Z}$ classification of a two-dimensional weak topological insulator - real-space DMFT study -
• Hall conductivity in the normal and superconducting phases of the Rashba system with Zeeman field
• Interaction effects in superconductor/quantum spin Hall devices: universal transport signatures and fractional Coulomb blockade
• Proximity effect in a heterostructure of a high $T_c$ superconductor with a topological insulator from Dynamical mean field theory
• Dynamics of a Majorana trijunction in a microwave cavity
• Majorana transport in superconducting nanowire with Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings
• Spin-orbit coupling in quasi-one-dimensional Wigner crystals
• Electron transport in quantum channels with spin-orbit interaction: Effects of the sign of the Rashba coupling and applications to nanowires
• A Study of Topological Quantum Phase Transition and Majorana Localization Length for the Interacting Helical Liquid System
• Majorana Fermions Under Uniaxial Stress in Semiconductor-Superconductor Heterostructures
• Polynomial description of inhomogeneous topological superconducting wires
• Experimental realization of Majorana hinge and corner modes in intrinsic organic topological superconductor without magnetic field at room temperature
• Band twisting and resilience to disorder in long-range topological superconductors
• Effects of Majorana bound states on dissipation and charging in a quantum resistor-capacitor circuit
• Anyon Chains with Pairing Terms
• Confinement versus interface bound states in spin-orbit coupled nanowires
• Tuning spin orbit interaction in high quality gate-defined InAs one-dimensional channels
• Experimental evidence for topological phases in the magnetoconductance of 2DEG-based hybrid junctions
• Non-Abelian operation through scattering between chiral Dirac edge modes
• Effect of Disorder on the Conductance of (non-) Topological SN Junctions
• Phase diagrams of superconducting topological surface states
• Zero-energy Majorana states in a one-dimensional quantum wire with charge density wave instability
• Properties of dissipative Floquet Majorana modes using a quantum dot
• Optical conductivity of the Majorana mode at the s- and d-wave topological superconductor edge
• Optical absorption of semiconductor 2D Majorana nanowires
• Detecting fractional Josephson effect through $4\pi$ phase slip
• Magnetic Susceptibility of Dirac Fermions, Bi-Sb Alloys, Interacting Bloch Fermions, Dilute Nonmagnetic Alloys, and Kondo Alloys
• A study of topological characterization and symmetries for a quantum simulated Kitaev chain
• Hard superconducting gap and vortex-state spectroscopy in NbSe${}_2$ van der Waals tunnel junctions
• Topological Fulde-Ferrell and Larkin-Ovchinnikov states in spin-orbit coupled lattice system
• Explicit forms of zero modes in symmetric interacting Kitaev chain without and with dimerization
• Persistent ferromagnetism and topological phase transition at the interface of a superconductor and a topological insulator
• Possible topological phases in quantum anomalous Hall insulator/unconventional superconductor hybrid systems
• Signatures of Topological Transitions in the Spin Susceptibility of Josephson Junctions
• Probing the non-locality of Majorana fermions via quantum correlations
• Josephson effects between the Kitaev ladder superconductors
• Transport spectroscopy for Paschen-Back splitting of Landau levels in InAs nanowires
• Interfacing a topological qubit with a spin qubit in a hybrid quantum system
• Geometric Phases in Majorana Zero-Energy State