The Contribution of Supernovae to Cosmic Reionization

Abstract

While stars are widely discussed as the source of the high energy photons which reionized the universe, an additional source of ionizing photons that must also contribute to reionization in this scenario is the supernovae (SNe) which mark the end of the life of massive stars. Here we estimate the relative contributions of SNe and stars to reionization. While the rate at which ionizing photons are produced in SN shocks is well below that at which they are produced by stars, the harder spectra of radiation emitted from SNe leads to an enhanced escape fraction of SN generated photons relative to that of stellar photons. In particular, along a given line of sight out of a galaxy, we find that for neutral hydrogen column densities N_H >~10^18 cm^-2 the contribution to reionization from SNe is greater than that from stars. Drawing on the results of simulations presented in the literature, we find that the overall (line of sight-averaged) SNe shock-generated ionizing photon escape fraction is larger than the stellar photon escape fraction by a factor of \simeq 4 to \simeq 7, depending on the metallicity of the stellar population. Overall, our results suggest that the effect of SNe is an enhancement of up to ~ 10 percent in the fraction of hydrogen reionized by stellar sources. We briefly discuss the implications of our results for the population of galaxies responsible for reionization.

12 pages, 4 figures; ApJ in press

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• The Growth of the Stellar Seeds of Supermassive Black Holes
• Looking at cosmic near-infrared background radiation anisotropies
• The role of stellar relaxation in the formation and evolution of the first massive black holes
• Feedback from High-Mass X-Ray Binaries on the High Redshift Intergalactic Medium : Model Spectra
• Preheating of the Universe by cosmic rays from primordial supernovae at the beginning of cosmic reionization
• UHE neutrinos from Pop III stars: concept and constraints
• Can the 21 cm signal probe Population III and II star formation?
• Heating and Ionization of the Primordial Intergalactic Medium by High Mass X-ray Binaries
• Resistive Heating Induced by Streaming Cosmic Rays Around a Galaxy in the Early Universe
• Cosmic Dawn and Reionization: Astrophysics in the Final Frontier
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