Effective Temperature in an Interacting, Externally Driven, Vertex System: Theory and Experiment on Artificial Spin Ice

Abstract

Frustrated arrays of interacting single-domain nanomagnets provide important model systems for statistical mechanics, because they map closely onto well-studied vertex models and are amenable to direct imaging and custom engineering. Although these systems are manifestly athermal, we demonstrate that the statistical properties of both hexagonal and square lattices can be described by an effective temperature based on the magnetostatic energy of the arrays. This temperature has predictive power for the moment configurations and is intimately related to how the moments are driven by an oscillating external field.

17 pages, 4 figures

References in corpus (7)

• Artificial "spin ice" in a geometrically frustrated lattice of nanoscale ferromagnetic islands
• Direct observation of the ice rule in artificial kagome spin ice
• Artificial square ice and related dipolar nanoarrays
• Ground state lost but degeneracy found: the effective thermodynamics of artificial spin ice
• Energy minimization and AC demagnetization in a nanomagnet array
• Comparing artificial frustrated magnets: tuning symmetry in nanomagnet arrays
• Effective temperatures and activated dynamics for a two-dimensional air-driven granular system on two approaches to jamming

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• Thermal phase transitions in Artificial Spin-Ice
• Diversity enabling equilibration: disorder and the ground state in artificial spin ice
• Degeneracy and criticality from emergent frustration in artificial spin ice
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• Dynamics of artificial spin ice: continuous honeycomb network
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• New physics in frustrated magnets: Spin ices, monopoles, etc
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• Extending spin ice concepts to another geometry: the artificial triangular spin ice
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• Dynamics and hysteresis in square lattice artificial spin-ice
• Crystallizing Kagome artificial spin ice
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• Unexpected Phenomenology in Particle-Based Ice Absent in Magnetic Spin Ice
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• The Concept of Spin Ice Graphs and a Field Theory for their Topological Monopoles and Charges
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