Experimental measurement of an effective temperature for jammed granular materials

Abstract

A densely packed granular system is an example of an out-of-equilibrium system in the jammed state. It has been a longstanding problem to determine whether this class of systems can be described by concepts arising from equilibrium statistical mechanics, such as an ``effective temperature'' and ``compactivity''. The measurement of the effective temperature is realized in the laboratory by slowly shearing a closely-packed ensemble of spherical beads confined by an external pressure in a Couette geometry. All the probe particles considered in this study, independent of their characteristic features, equilibrate at the same temperature, given by the packing density of the system.

arXiv comment22 pages, 7 figures, more informations at http://www.jamlab.org

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• The Effective Temperature Concept Tested in an Active Colloid Mixture
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• Fluctuation-dissipation theorem in an aging colloidal glass
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• Cages and anomalous diffusion in vibrated dense granular media
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• Realization of nonequilibrium thermodynamic processes using external colored noise
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• A review on shear jamming
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• Asymmetric response of a jammed plastic bead raft
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• Statistical physics of frictional grains: some simple applications of Edwards statistics