Leptogenesis as the origin of matter

Abstract

We explore in some detail the hypothesis that the generation of a primordial lepton-antilepton asymmetry (Leptogenesis) early on in the history of the Universe is the root cause for the origin of matter. After explaining the theoretical conditions for producing a matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe we detail how, through sphaleron processes, it is possible to transmute a lepton asymmetry -- or, more precisely, a (B-L)-asymmetry -- into a baryon asymmetry. Because Leptogenesis depends in detail on properties of the neutrino spectrum, we review briefly existing experimental information on neutrinos as well as the seesaw mechanism, which offers a theoretical understanding of why neutrinos are so light. The bulk of the review is devoted to a discussion of thermal Leptogenesis and we show that for the neutrino spectrum suggested by oscillation experiments one obtains the observed value for the baryon to photon density ratio in the Universe, independently of any initial boundary conditions. In the latter part of the review we consider how well Leptogenesis fits with particle physics models of dark matter. Although axionic dark matter and Leptogenesis can be very naturally linked, there is a potential clash between Leptogenesis and models of supersymmetric dark matter because the high temperature needed for Leptogenesis leads to an overproduction of gravitinos, which alter the standard predictions of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. This problem can be resolved, but it constrains the supersymmetric spectrum at low energies and the nature of the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). Finally, as an illustration of possible other options for the origin of matter, we discuss the possibility that Leptogenesis may occur as a result of non-thermal processes.

53 pages, minor corrections, one figure and references added, matches published version

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• Seminatural Gauge Mediation from Product Group Unification
• Asymmetric matter from $B-L$ symmetry breaking
• Unification of the Standard Model and Dark Matter Sectors in [SU(5)$\times$U(1)]${}^4$
• Limits on $R$-parity Violation in High Scale Supersymmetry
• Oscillating Composite Asymmetric Dark Matter
• Neutrino spectral density at electroweak scale temperature
• Confronting the low-scale seesaw and leptogenesis with neutrinoless double beta decay
• Affleck-Dine leptogenesis via multiscalar evolution in a supersymmetric seesaw model
• Dark sector production and baryogenesis from not quite black holes
• High-Scale SUSY Breaking Models in light of the BICEP2 Result
• Phenomenology of $U(1{)}_F$ extension of inert-doublet model with exotic scalars and leptons
• High-scale SUSY from an R-invariant New Inflation in the Landscape
• Baryogenesis and Asymmetric Dark Matter from The Left-Right Mirror Symmetric Model
• Constraining brane inflationary magnetic field from cosmoparticle physics after Planck
• Broken $S_{3\mathrm{L}}^{}\times S_{3\mathrm{R}}^{}$ Flavor Symmetry and Leptonic CP Violation
• Generic lepton mass matrices and neutrino oscillations
• Baryogenesis from the amplification of vacuum fluctuations during inflation
• Constraints on Direct Gauge Mediation Models with Complex Representations
• Baryonic and Leptonic GeV Dark Matter
• Improving CP Measurement with THEIA and Muon Decay at Rest
• Revisiting gravitino dark matter in thermal leptogenesis
• Examining the Geometrical Model with Inverted Mass Hierarchy for Neutrinos
• Detection and Calibration of Low-Energy Nuclear Recoils for Dark Matter and Neutrino Scattering Experiments
• Scalar triplet leptogenesis in the presence of right-handed neutrinos with S3 symmetry
• A Model of Four Generation Fermions and Cold Dark Matter and Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry
• Leptogenesis at the Electroweak Scale
• Soft Leptogenesis and Gravitino Dark Matter in Gauge Mediation
• Do neutrinos bend? Consequences of an ultralight gauge field as dark matter
• Leptogenesis after superconformal subcritical hybrid inflation
• Lower limit on the gravitino mass in low-scale gauge mediation with $m_H\simeq 125$GeV
• Purely flavored leptogenesis from a sudden mass gain of right-handed neutrinos
• Affleck-Dine Leptogenesis with Varying Peccei-Quinn Scale
• Unification of the four forces in the Spin(11,1) geometric algebra
• Partial $\mu -\tau$ Textures and Leptogenesis
• Minimal Leptogenesis in Brane-inspired Cosmology
• Baryogenesis via left-right asymmetry generation by Affleck-Dine mechanism in Dirac neutrino model
• Low scale leptogenesis under neutrino $\mu$-$\tau$ reflection symmetry
• Low-scale Leptogenesis with Minimal Lepton Flavour Violation
• Neutrino Mixing and Leptogenesis in $\mu -\tau$ Symmetry
• Dirac leptogenesis from asymmetry wash-in via scatterings
• Detecting a Fifth-Force Gauge Boson via Superconducting Josephson Junctions
• Hypermagnetic knots and gravitational radiation at intermediate frequencies
• Towards a more complete description of hybrid leptogenesis
• Leptogenesis Scenarios via Non-Thermally Produced Right-handed Neutrino and Sneutrino in Supersymmetric Seesaw Model
• Interaction rates in cosmology: heavy particle production and scattering
• Revisiting the role of CP-conserving processes in cosmological particle-antiparticle asymmetries
• An SU(5)$\otimes$Z_{13} Grand Unification Model
• No-scale Brans-Dicke Gravity -- ultralight scalar boson & heavy inflaton
• Leptogenesis, Dark Matter and Higgs Phenomenology at TeV
• Gravitational Wave Spectral Shapes as a probe of Long Lived Right-handed Neutrinos, Leptogenesis and Dark Matter: Global versus Local B-L Cosmic Strings
• Leptogenesis, Fermion Masses and Mixings in a SUSY $SU(5)$ GUT with $D_4$ Flavor Symmetry
• Thermal Relic Right-Handed Neutrino Dark Matter
• Gauss-Bonnet Cosmology: large-temperature behaviour and bounds from Gravitational Waves
• Discrete $R$-symmetry, Various Energy Scales and Gravitational Waves
• Gravitino Leptogenesis
• Commutators of lepton mass matrices associated with seesaw and leptogenesis
• A lower bound on the right-handed neutrino mass from wash-in leptogenesis
• A split seesaw model with hidden neutrinoless double beta decay but successful leptogenesis
• Particular textures of the minimal seesaw model
• A Model of Neutrino Mass, Baryon Asymmetry, and Asymmetric Dark Matter with $SU(2{)}_D\otimes U(1{)}_{D^{\prime }}$ Dark Sector
• Parameterizing the SFC Baryogenesis Model
• Sterile neutrino rates for general $M$, $T$, $\mu$, $k$: review of a theoretical framework
• Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry in the Universe via String-Inspired CPT Violation at Early Eras
• A Model of the Matter-antimatter Asymmetry and Cold Dark Matter with $U(1{)}_{B-L}\otimes U(1{)}_D$
• Chiral symmetry breaking and pion condensation in the early universe
• Reheating and Leptogenesis after Vector inflation
• Spontaneous CP Violation in SUSY SO(10)
• Light Higgs boson scenario in the SUSY seesaw model
• Testing the RG Running of the Leptonic Dirac CP Phase with Reactor Neutrinos
• Particle Asymmetries from Quantum Statistics
• The Dark Side of ${\theta }_{13}$, ${\delta }_{CP}$, Leptogenesis and Inflation in Type-I Seesaw
• The Upper Bound of the Second Higgs Boson Mass in Minimal Gauge Mediation with the Gravitino Warm Dark Matter
• Renormalization group running triggered tri-resonant leptogenesis within neutrino flavor-symmetry models
• Linear seesaw leptogenesis before/after electroweak symmetry breaking
• A Nondiagonal Pair of Majorana Particles at $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ Colliders
• Genesis of baryon and dark matter asymmetries through ultraviolet scattering freeze-in
• Type-3/2 Seesaw Mechanism
• Gravitational leptogenesis in teleparallel and symmetric teleparallel gravities
• A Model of Fermion Masses and Flavor Mixings with Family Symmetry $SU(3)\otimes U(1)$
• Leptogenesis from a feebly interacting dark matter sector
• Dynamically Induced Topological Inflation
• Neutrino CP Measurement in the Presence of RG Running with Mismatched Momentum Transfers
• Connecting String/M Theory to the Electroweak Scale and to LHC Data
• Post-inflationary Leptogenesis and Dark Matter production: Metric versus Palatini formalism
• Leptogenesis and Reheating in Complex Hybrid Inflation
• Shadow Fermions, Messenger Scalars and Leptogenesis
• The Enigmas of Fluctuations of the Universal Quantum Fields
• Influence of the hypermagnetic field noise on the baryon asymmetry generation in the symmetric phase of the early universe
• Gauge mediation without gravitino problem by virtue of the QCD anomaly
• A Left-Right Mirror Symmetric Model: Common Origin of Neutrino Mass, Baryon Asymmetry and Dark Matter
• Neutrino Mass, Leptogenesis, and Dark Matter from The Dark Sector with $U(1{)}_D$
• Rescuing leptogenesis in inverse seesaw models with the help of non-Abelian flavor symmetries
• Low scale leptogenesis and $T{M}_1$ mixing in neutrinophillic two Higgs doublet model($\nu$2HDM) with S4 flavor symmetry
• Neutrino masses, matter-antimatter asymmetry, dark matter, and supermassive black hole formation explained with Majorons
• R-invariant New Inflation Model vs Supersymmetric Standard Model
• Asymgenesis
• Dark Matter and Torsion
• Naturalness in Soft Leptogenesis and Gravitino Mass Bound due to Primordial Black Holes
• Composite asymmetric dark matter with a dark photon portal: Multimessenger tests
• Leptogenesis after Inflation in a Pati-Salam Model
• Probing CP Violation through Vector Boson Fusion at High-Energy Muon Colliders
• Féeton ($B-L$ Gauge Boson) Dark Matter Testable in Future Direct Detection Experiments
• Inverted Hybrid Inflation as a solution to gravitino problems in Gravity Mediation
• Search for new physics in jet multiplicity patterns of multilepton events at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
• Large CP Violation from the Minimum Seesaw Model
• Leptogenesis in the littlest inverse seesaw model
• Geometric Baryogenesis with Chiral-Time Equivalence
• Revisiting R-invariant Direct Gauge Mediation
• The Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Riddle
• Leptogenesis from composite singlets
• The sensitivity of liquid scintillator detectors to CP-violation with atmospheric neutrinos
• Little group generators for Dirac neutrino one-particle states