Diquark-Antidiquarks with Hidden or Open Charm and the Nature of X(3872)

Abstract

Heavy-light diquarks can be the building blocks of a rich spectrum of states which can accommodate some of the newly observed charmonium-like resonances not fitting a pure c-cbar assignment. We examine this possibility for hidden and open charm diquark-antidiquark states deducing spectra from constituent quark masses and spin-spin interactions. Taking the X(3872) as input we predict the existence of a 2++ state that can be associated to the X(3940) observed by Belle and re-examine the state claimed by SELEX, X(2632). The possible assignment of the previously discovered states D_s(2317) and D_s(2457) is discussed. We predict X(3872) to be made of two components with a mass difference related to (m_u-m_d) and discuss the production of X(3872) and of its charged partner X^(+-) in the weak decays of B^(+,0).

11 pages, 2 figures, revtex, minor typos corrected

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• Mass spectrum of the hidden-charm pentaquarks in the compact diquark model
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• ${\bar{B}}^{(\ast )}{\bar{B}}^{(\ast )}$ interactions in chiral effective field theory
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• Analysis of the light-flavor scalar and axial-vector diquark states with QCD sum rules
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• B_c^+- decays into tetraquarks
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• Triply heavy tetraquark states
• Mass spectrum of the axial-vector hidden charmed and hidden bottom tetraquark states
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• Tetraquarks as Diquark Antidiquark Bound Systems
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• Heavy Holographic Exotics: Tetraquarks as Efimov States
• Settling the $Z_c(4600)$ in the charged charmonium-like family
• Triply heavy $QQ\bar{Q}\bar{q}$ tetraquark states
• Charmonium spectrum and new observed states
• Exotic mesons with hidden charm as diquark-antidiquark states
• Review of Heavy Hadron Spectroscopy
• Y(4260) --> gamma + X(3872) in the diquarkonium picture
• Mass spectrum of the vector hidden charm and bottom tetraquark states
• Implications of chiral symmetry on $S$-wave pionic resonances and the scalar charmed mesons
• Tetraquark mixing framework for isoscalar resonances in light mesons
• Decipher the width of the $X(3872)$ via the QCD sum rules
• Reanalysis of the mass spectrum of the scalar hidden charm and hidden bottom tetraquark states
• Predicting isovector charmonium-like states from X(3872) properties
• Production of Charmed Tetraquarks from $B_c$ and $B$ decays
• Open charm-bottom axial-vector tetraquarks and their properties
• Molecular Interpretation of the Supercharmonium State Z(4475)
• Flavor $SU(3)$ properties of beauty tetraquark states with three different light quarks
• Adiabaticity and color mixing in tetraquark spectroscopy
• ${\eta }_{\mathrm{c}}$- and $J/\psi$-isoscalar meson bound states in the hadro-charmonium picture
• Fully charmed tetraquarks from LHC to FCC: Natural stability from fragmentation
• A high-energy QCD portal to exotic matter: Heavy-light tetraquarks at the HL-LHC
• EM Decay of X(3872) as the $1{}^1{D}_2(2^{-+})$ charmonium
• Testing the tetraquark structure for the $X$ resonances in low-lying region
• The X(3872) Meson and "Exotic" Spectroscopy at CDF II
• $X(3872)$, $X(4014)$, and their bottom partners at finite temperature
• Are there narrow flavor-exotic tetraquarks in large-$N_c$ QCD?
• Decipher the short-distance component of $X(3872)$ in $B_c$ decays
• $X(3872)$ as virtual companion pole of the charm-anticharm state ${\chi }_{c1}(2P)$
• Triangle singularity appearing as an $X(3872)$-like peak in $B\to (J/\psi {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-})K\pi$
• The X(3872) tetraquarks in B and B_s decays
• Relativistic description of asymmetric fully heavy tetraquarks in the diquark-antidiquark model
• Exploring open-charm decay mode ${\Lambda }_c{\bar{\Lambda }}_c$ of charmonium-like state $Y(4630)$
• Colour Fields of the Static Pentaquark System Computed in SU(3) Lattice QCD
• $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ scattering and ${\chi }_{c1}(3872)$ in nuclear matter
• Charmonium ${\chi }_{c0}$ and ${\chi }_{c2}$ resonances in coupled-channel scattering from lattice QCD
• Study of the lineshape of $X(3872)$ using $B$ decays to $D^0\overline{D}{}^{\ast 0}K$
• Structure and production mechanism of the enigmatic $X(3872)$ in high-energy hadronic reactions
• Quark structure of the ${\chi }_{\mathrm{c}}(3P)$ and $X(4274)$ resonances and their strong and radiative decays
• X(3872) in a hot pion bath
• Axial Vector $cc$ and $bb$ Diquark Masses from QCD Laplace Sum-Rules
• Measurement of branching fractions for B \to J/ψηK decays and search for a narrow resonance in the J/ψηfinal state
• Precision Measurement of the Mass of the $D^{\ast 0}$ Meson and the Binding Energy of the $X(3872)$ Meson as a $D^0\overline{D^{\ast 0}}$ Molecule
• Measurement of the mass and width of the Ds1(2536)+ meson
• $d^{\ast }(2380)$ and its partners in a diquark model
• Bottomoniumlike states in proton collisions: Fragmentation and resummation
• Exotic tetraquarks at the HL-LHC with JETHAD: A high-energy viewpoint
• Two-pole structures in a relativistic Friedrichs-Lee-QPC scheme
• Exotic Charmonium and Bottomonium-like Resonances
• Possible signatures for tetraquarks from the decays of $a_0(980)$, $a_0(1450)$
• Flavor Exotic Triply-Heavy Tetraquark States in AdS/QCD Potential
• Further signatures to support the tetraquark mixing framework for the two light-meson nonets
• The role of the pion in the lineshape of the $X(3872)$
• The structure of the X(3872) as explained by a Diffusion Monte Carlo calculation
• Counting valence quarks at RHIC and LHC
• $D_{s0}^{\ast }(2317{)}^{+}$ in the decay of $B_c$ into $J/\psi DK$
• The interplay between compact and molecular structures in tetraquarks
• Production of X(3872) at PANDA
• On the Spin of the X(3872)
• Analysis of the scalar doubly heavy tetraquark states with QCD sum rules
• Weak Decays of Triply Heavy Tetraquarks $b\bar{c}b\bar{q}$
• Production of the spin partner of the X(3872) in e^+e^- collisions
• Evidence for $Z_c^{\pm }$ decays into the ${\rho }^{\pm }{\eta }_c$ final state
• Doubly heavy tetraquark states in a mass splitting model
• X(1576) as Diquark-Antidiquark Bound State
• Constraints from precision measurements on the hadron-molecule interpretation of X,Y,Z resonances
• Charmonium spectrum with a Dirac potential model in the momentum space
• Exotic hadron production in quark combination model
• The impact of $S$-wave thresholds $D_{s1}{\bar{D}}_s+c.c.$ and $D_{s0}{\bar{D}}_s^{\ast }+c.c.$ on vector charmonium spectrum
• Cluster reducibility of multiquark operators
• Charmonium states in a coupled-channel model
• Exotic pentaquark states with the $qqQQ\bar{Q}$ configuration
• Observation of the ${\Lambda }_b^0\to {\chi }_{c1}(3872)p{K}^{-}$ decay
• Fragmentation functions for axial-vector heavy tetraquarks: A TQ4Q1.1 update
• The lowest hidden charmed tetraquark state from QCD sum rules
• $D_{s0}^{\ast \pm }(2317)$ and $KD$ scattering from $B_s^0$ decay
• Doubly-Charged $T_{cc}^{++}$ States in the Dynamical Diquark Model
• Probing the nature of the ${\chi }_{c1}(3872)$ state using radiative decays
• On the ${\eta }_1(1855)$, ${\pi }_1(1400)$ and ${\pi }_1(1600)$ as dynamically generated states and their SU(3) partners
• Possible hadronic molecular states composed of $S$-wave heavy-light mesons
• The investigations of the $P$-wave $B_s$ states combining quark model and lattice QCD in the coupled channel framework
• Tetraquarks with charm in coupled-channel formalism
• Towards the decay properties of deuteron-like state $d_{N\Omega }$
• The history of LHCb
• Triply heavy tetraquark states: masses and other properties
• Deciphering the $X(3872)$ via its polarization in prompt production at the CERN LHC
• X(3872) as a molecular $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ state in the Bethe-Salpeter equation approach
• Forming Molecular States with Hadronic Rescattering
• The nature of ${\chi }_{c1}\left(3872\right)$ and $T_{cc}^{+}\left(3875\right)$
• A note on large N scalar QCD_2
• Tetraquark states in the bottom sector and the status of the $Y_b$(10890) state
• $Qq\bar{Q}{\bar{q}}^{\prime }$ States in Chiral SU(3) Quark Model
• Spin-1 diquark contributing to the formation of tetraquarks in light mesons
• Testing the tetraquark mixing framework from QCD sum rules for $a_0(980)$
• Isospin-conserving hadronic decay of the $D_{s1}(2460)$ into $D_s{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$
• Colloquium: Hadron Production in Open-charm Meson Pair at $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ Collider
• Status and Prospects of Exotic Hadrons at Belle II
• Fragmentation of fully heavy tetraquarks: The TQ4Q1.1 functions as a case study
• Regge trajectories for the heavy-light diquarks
• The $\mathbf{X}(3872)$'s excitation and its connection with production at hadron colliders
• XYZ States: Theory Overview
• Study of charmonium and charmonium-like contributions in $B^{+}\to J/\psi \eta K^{+}$ decays
• Charmonium possibility of X(3872)
• The $\sigma$ and $\rho$ coupling constants for the charmed and beauty mesons
• A note on the newly observed Y(4220) resonance
• QCD quark cyclobutadiene and light tetraquark spectrum
• The molecular nature of some exotic hadrons
• Tetraquark Masses by using extension of Gursey-Radicati Mass Formula
• Unwinding the rare $\Omega$ sector: Fragmentation of fully charmed baryons from HL-LHC to FCC
• Decay properties of the $Z_c(3900)$ through the Fierz rearrangement
• Dispersive analysis of the isospin breaking in the $X(3872)\to J/\psi {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ and $X(3872)\to J/\psi {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^0{\pi }^{-}$ decays
• Radiative decay of the $X(3872)$ as a mixed molecule-charmonium state in effective field theory
• Covalent hadronic molecules induced by shared light quarks
• The role of electromagnetic interaction in the $X(3872)$ and its analogs
• Photo-absorption on deuteron contributed by d^*(2380) resonance
• The study of exotic state $Z_c^{\pm }(3900)$ decaying to $J/\psi {\pi }^{\pm }$ in the $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 1.96, 7, and 13 TeV
• Decay properties of the $X(3872)$ through the Fierz rearrangement
• Search for tetraquark states $X_{cc\bar{s}\bar{s}}$ in $D_s^{+}{D}_s^{+}(D_s^{\ast +}{D}_s^{\ast +})$ final states at Belle
• Identifying an $\mathrm{X}(3872)$ tetraquark state versus a molecular state by formation time, velocity and temperature in relativistic nuclear collisions
• Substructure of Multiquark Hadrons (Snowmass 2021 White Paper)
• Effects of Final State Interactions on Landau Singularities
• The study on the structure of exotic states ${\chi }_{c1}(3872)$ via beauty-hadron decays in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8\mathrm{TeV}$
• Discussions on Stability of Diquarks
• Search for a doubly-charged $DDK$ bound state in ${\rm Y}(1S,2S)$ inclusive decays and via direct production in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 10.520, 10.580, and 10.867 GeV
• A potential approach to the $X(3872)$ thermal behavior
• Measurements of Born Cross Sections of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to D_s^{\ast +}{D}_{sJ}^{-}+c.c.$
• Mass Spectra of One or Two Heavy Quark Mesons and Diquarks within a Nonrelativistic Potential Model
• Analysis of the possible $D{\bar{D}}_{s0}^{\ast }(2317)$ and $D^{\ast }{\bar{D}}_{s1}^{\ast }(2460)$ molecules with QCD sum rules
• On Some properties of Di-hadronic states
• Search for prompt production of pentaquarks in charm hadron final states
• Heavy Hadron Spectroscopy
• Tetraquarks in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation
• Search for supersymmetric baryons near production threshold in terms of the superflavor symmetry
• Masses and radiative decay widths of the $D_{s0}^{\ast }(2317)$ and $D_{s1}^{\prime }(2460)$ and their bottom analogs
• Microscopic derivation of the pion coupling to heavy-light mesons
• Study of structures and dynamical decay mechanisms for multiquark systems
• Triply heavy tetraquark states in a mass-splitting model
• Measurements of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\eta }_{\mathrm{c}}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\pi }^0$, ${\eta }_{\mathrm{c}}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ and ${\eta }_{\mathrm{c}}{\pi }^0\gamma$ at $\sqrt{s}$ from 4.18 to 4.60\,GeV, and search for a $Z_{\mathrm{c}}$ state close to the $D\bar{D}$ threshold decaying to ${\eta }_{\mathrm{c}}\pi$ at $\sqrt{s}$ = 4.23 GeV
• Search for the decay ${\chi }_{c1}(3872)\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\chi }_{c1}$
• Fully charmed P-wave tetraquark resonant states in the quark model
• Probing charmonium-like XYZ states in hadron-hadron ultraperipheral collisions and electron-proton scattering
• Diquarks in the nilpotency expansion of QCD and their role at finite chemical potential
• Systematics of fully heavy dibaryons
• Triply Heavy $\Omega$ Baryons with JETHAD: A High-Energy Viewpoint
• Search for $XYZ$ states in ${\Lambda }_b$ decays at the LHCb
• Probing the structure of ${\chi }_{c1}(3872)$ with photon transition form factors
• Applications of Diagrammatic Renormalization Methods in QCD Sum-Rules
• Are there near-threshold Coulomb-like Baryonia?
• Analysis of the vector meson transitions among the heavy quarkonium states
• Study of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \omega X(3872)$ and $\gamma X(3872)$ from 4.66 to 4.95 GeV
• Probing the structure of $X(3872)$ in photoproduction
• Charge-conjugation asymmetry and molecular content: the $D_{s0}^{\ast }(2317{)}^{\pm }$ in matter
• A short review on the compositeness of the $X(3872)$
• Amplitude analysis of $B^{+}\to \psi (2S)K^{+}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ decays
• Tetraquark-Jet Systems at the High-Luminosity LHC
• Radiative decays of the p-wave charmed heavy baryons
• $\lambda$ and $\rho$ Regge trajectories for hidden bottom and charm tetraquarks $(Qq)(\bar{Q}{\bar{q}}^{\prime })$
• Charmoniumlike Channels $1^{+}$ with Isospin $1$ from Lattice and Effective Field Theory
• Triquark structure and isospin symmetry breaking in exotic Ds mesons
• The $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ interaction with isospin zero in an extended hidden gauge symmetry approach
• Tetraquark mass relations in quark and diquark models
• Observation of a new charmed baryon decaying to ${\Xi }_c^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}$
• Radiative decay of hadronic molecule state for quarks
• Mixing angles between the tetraquark states with two heavy quarks within QCD sum rules
• The ground states of hidden-charm tetraquarks and their radial excitations
• Non-perturbative Analysis of Various Mass Generation by Gluonic Dressing Effect with the Schwinger-Dyson Formalism in QCD
• $S$-wave contributions to the $B_{(s)}\to {\chi }_{c1}(\pi \pi ,K\pi ,KK)$ decays
• Modification by pion exchange of near threshold resonance line shape in open heavy flavor channel
• Dynamical picture for the exotic XYZ states
• Two-Loop QCD Renormalization and Anomalous Dimension of the Scalar Diquark Operator
• Review of Physics Results from the Tevatron: Heavy Flavor Physics
• Search for $B^0\to X(3872)\gamma$
• Exotic c c-bar Mesons
• $Z_c(3900)$ as a Four-Quark State
• Hidden-Charm Tetraquarks in a Mixture Model: Coupled-Channel Analysis with $c\bar{c}$ and Hadronic Molecular Components
• Interaction of exotic states in a hadronic medium: the $Z_c(3900)$ case
• b decays: a factory for hidden charm multiquark states
• Quark mass dependence of the low-lying charmed mesons at one loop in HH$\chi$PT
• New charmonium-like states
• Are compact open-charm tetraquarks consistent with recent lattice results?
• How Often Do Diquarks Form? A Very Simple Model
• Electric Dipole Moments and Polarizability in the Quark-Diquark Model of the Neutron
• Study the Heavy Molecular States in Quark Model with Meson Exchange Interaction
• Discovery potential of charmonium $2P$ states through the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \gamma D\bar{D}$ processes
• Superradiance and subradiance in the electromagnetic radiative decay of X(3872)
• $D_1$ and $D_2$ resonances in coupled-channel scattering amplitudes from lattice QCD
• Fully heavy tetraquark states with a diquark-antidiquark configuration
• The Delta-Statistics of Uncoventional Quarkonium-like Resonances
• Development of Bethe-Salpeter theory for dealing with unstable system
• Multimodal Fragmentation of All-Heavy Pentaquarks: Uncertainty-Aware Predictions for Hadron Colliders
• Search for the light hadron decay ${\chi }_{c1}(3872)\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}\eta$
• Theory Concepts for Heavy Exotic Mesons
• Analysis of the hadronic molecules $DK$, $D^{\ast }K$, $D{K}^{\ast }$ and their bottom analogs with QCD sum rules
• Hadronic molecules and multiquark states
• Search for muoproduction of the X(3872) at COMPASS
• Mass spectrum and magnetic moments of singly-charmed baryons: a quark-diquark model analysis of ${\Omega }_c(3185{)}^0$ and ${\Omega }_c(3327{)}^0$
• Search for the $B_c^{+}\to {\chi }_{c1}(3872){\pi }^{+}$ decay
• Study of conventional and non-conventional scalar and vector mesons
• Threshold Effects in Heavy Quarkonium Spectroscopy and Decays
• Isospin breaking from diquark clustering
• Torsional oscillations of strange stars
• S-wave bottom tetraquarks
• The double life of the X meson
• Charm and Charmonium Spectroscopy
• The Three-body Force and the Tetraquark Interpretation of Light Scalar Mesons
• New charm resonances
• Heavy quark meson spectroscopy at CDF (X(3872) mass and evidence for Y(4140))
• Exotic spectroscopy and quarkonia at LHCb
• Studies with Onia at LHCb
• Search for the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \varphi {\chi }_{c1}(3872)$ process at BESIII
• On the origin of the narrow peak and the isospin symmetry breaking of the $X$(3872)
• Tetraquark Interpretation and Production Mechanism of the Belle $Y_b(10750)$-Resonance
• An analysis on doubly bottom molecular tetraquarks composed of $H_{(s)}$ and $T_{(s)}$ doublets
• The scalar and pseudoscalar hidden-charm tetraquark states with QCD sum rules
• Unified study of $B_s^0\to X(3872){\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}(K^{+}{K}^{-})$ and $B_s^0\to \psi (2S){\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}(K^{+}{K}^{-})$ processes
• Strange and nonstrange baryon spectra in the interacting quark-diquark model
• Novel QCD Phenomena at JLab
• Compact Tetraquark Interpretation of the XYZ States
• Production of exotic hadrons at hadron colliders
• Heavy-flavor multimodal fragmentation to $S$-wave pentacharms at next-generation hadron colliders
• Threshold effects in heavy quarkonium spectroscopy
• Observation of the radiative decay $D_s(2317{)}^{+}\to D_s^{\ast }\gamma$
• On the Origin of the $XYZ$ Mesons
• Insights into the nature of the $X(3872)$ through B meson decays
• Estimation of coupling constants for D-meson, charmed, and light baryons in effective Lagrangian approach and quark model
• Large-$N_c$ QCD and tetraquarks
• X, Y and Z States
• Systematic study of fully heavy-flavored tetraquarks $Q_1{Q}_2{\bar{Q}}_1{\bar{Q}}_2(Q_{1;2}\in \left\{b;c\right\})$: Mass spectra, threshold analysis, and confrontation with LHC data
• Meson spectrum and tetraquarks through an AdS/QCD inspired potential
• Exotic hadrons associated with $b$-quark
• Observation of the decay ${\chi }_{c1}(3872)\to J/\psi {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$
• Meson scattering and tetraquarks in two-dimensional QCD
• The Compact X and Z and their Invisible Molecular Partners
• Exotic open and hidden charm states
• The possible $K{\bar{K}}^{\ast }$ and $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ bound and resonance states by solving Schrodinger equation
• Investigation of exotic state X(3872) in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$7 and 13 TeV
• Determination of the resonant parameters of chi_c0(3915) with global fit
• Search for the decays $X(3872)\to K_S^0{K}^{\pm }{\pi }^{\mp }$ and $K^{\ast }(892)\bar{K}$ at BESIII