Exotic Hadrons with Heavy Flavors -X, Y, Z and Related States-

Abstract

In the past decade, exotic hadrons with charm and bottom flavors have been extensively studied both in experiments and in theories. In this review, we provide topical discussions by selecting $X,Y,Z$ particles, to which Belle has made important contributions. These are $X(3872)$, $Y(4260)$, $Z_c(4430{)}^{+}$, $Z_c(3900{)}^{+}$, $Z_b(10610{)}^{+}$ and $Z_b(10650{)}^{+}$. Based on the current experimental observations, we discuss those states with emphasis on hadronic molecule whose dynamics is governed by chiral symmetry and heavy-quark symmetry of QCD. We also mention briefly various interpretations and some theoretical predictions for the yet undiscovered exotic hadrons.

85 pages

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• Color superconductivity in dense quark matter
• Ab-initio Determination of Light Hadron Masses
• Observation of a resonance-like structure in the pi^+- psi' mass distribution in exclusive B-->K pi^+- psi' decays
• Charmonium
• Observation of the resonant character of the $Z(4430{)}^{-}$ state
• Observation of Two Resonant Structures in e+e- to pi+ pi- psi(2S) via Initial State Radiation at Belle
• Measurement of e^+e^- to pi^+pi^-J/psi Cross Section via Initial State Radiation at Belle
• Dynamically Generated Open and Hidden Charm Meson Systems
• Evidence for a Narrow Near-Threshold Structure in the $J/\psi \varphi$ Mass Spectrum in $B^{+}\to J/\psi \varphi K^{+}$ Decays
• The Z(4430) and a New Paradigm for Spin Interactions in Tetraquarks
• Hadro-Charmonium
• Observation of a near-threshold enhancement in the e+e- -->Lambda_c+Lambda_c- cross section using initial-state radiation
• Is the X(3872) Production Cross Section at Tevatron Compatible with a Hadron Molecule Interpretation?
• The Heavy Quark Spin Symmetry Partners of the X(3872)
• Masses of tetraquarks with two heavy quarks in the relativistic quark model
• Observation of a new charged charmoniumlike state in B -> J/psi K pi decays
• Search for new charmonium states in the processes e+ e- --> J/psi D(*) D(*) at sqrt{s} ~ 10.6 GeV
• Observation of anomalous Upsilon(1S)pi+pi- and Upsilon(2S)pi+pi- production near the Upsilon(5S) resonance
• A New Picture for the Formation and Decay of the Exotic $XYZ$ Mesons
• QCD sum rules study of $QQ-\bar{u}\bar{d}$ mesons
• Light Hadron Masses from Lattice QCD
• Multi-quark hadrons from Heavy Ion Collisions
• Excited heavy tetraquarks with hidden charm
• $Z_b$ and $Z_c$ Exotic States as Coupled Channel Cusps
• Could the near-threshold $XYZ$ states be simply kinematic effects?
• Exotic meson-meson molecules and compact four--quark states
• Evidence for diquarks in lattice QCD
• Stable multiquark states with heavy quarks in a diquark model
• Is Z^+(4430) a loosely bound molecular state?
• Evidence of the Θ^+ in the γd \to K^+K^-pn reaction
• Stability of multiquarks in a simple string model
• Study of the $Z_c^{+}$ channel using lattice QCD
• Analysis of the $Z(4430)$ as the first radial excitation of the $Z_c(3900)$
• Interplay of quark and meson degrees of freedom in a near-threshold resonance
• Exotic baryons from a heavy meson and a nucleon -- Negative parity states --
• $Z^{+}(4430)$ as a $D_1^{\prime }{D}^{\ast }$ ($D_1{D}^{\ast }$) molecular state
• Amplitude analysis of e+e- => Y(nS)pi+pi- at sqrt(s)=10.865 GeV
• Exotic nuclei with open heavy flavor mesons
• Are there compact heavy four-quark bound states?
• Erratum: QCD sum rules study of the $J^{PC}=1^{--}$ charmonium $Y$ mesons
• QCD sum rules study of the meson Z^+(4430)
• Dynamics of Hadronic Molecule in One-Boson Exchange Approach and Possible Heavy Flavor Molecules
• Decays of Zb(+) and Zb'(+) as hadronic molecules
• Low-energy Scattering of $(D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }{)}^{\pm }$ System And the Resonance-like Structure $Z_c(3900)$
• Tensor-optimized shell model with bare nucleon-nucleon interaction for 4He
• Threshold effect and π^\pm ψ(2S) peak
• $\{Q\bar{q}\}\{{\bar{Q}}^{{(}^{\prime })}q\}$ molecular states
• Study of $B{\bar{B}}^{\ast }$ and $B^{\ast }{\bar{B}}^{\ast }$ interactions in $I=1$ and relationship to the $Z_b(10610)$, $Z_b(10650)$ states
• The Spin-orbit force, recoil corrections and possible $B{\bar{B}}^{\ast }$ and $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ molecular states
• Charmed Exotics in Heavy Ion Collisions
• Production of doubly charmed tetraquarks with exotic color configurations in electron-positron collisions
• Do $c\bar{c}n\bar{n}$ bound states exist?
• A possible global group structure for exotic states
• Four-quark Bound States in Chiral SU(3) Quark Model
• Searching for the Bottom Counterparts of X(3872) and Y(4260) via ${\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\rm Y}$
• Hidden-Charm Tetraquarks and Charged Zc States
• The meson $Z^{+}(4430)$ as a tetraquark state
• On the nature of the X(3872) from QCD
• Pion induced Reactions for Charmed Baryons
• Line Shapes of the Z(4430)
• QCD sum rules on the complex Borel plane
• Diquark bound states with a completely crossed ladder truncation

Cited by in corpus (229)

• Hadronic molecules
• An updated review of the new hadron states
• A review of the open charm and open bottom systems
• Study of the doubly charmed tetraquark $T_{cc}^{+}$
• Threshold cusps and triangle singularities in hadronic reactions
• Chiral perturbation theory for heavy hadrons and chiral effective field theory for heavy hadronic molecules
• A survey of heavy-heavy hadronic molecules
• Study of doubly heavy tetraquarks in Lattice QCD
• Interpretation of the LHCb $P_c$ States as Hadronic Molecules and Hints of a Narrow $P_c(4380)$
• Exotic Hadrons from Heavy Ion Collisions
• Heavy-flavored tetraquark states with the $QQ\bar{Q}\bar{Q}$ configuration
• Explaining the Many Threshold Structures in the Heavy-Quark Hadron Spectrum
• Precise predictions of charmed-bottom hadrons from lattice QCD
• QCD Sum Rules Approach to the $X,Y$ and $Z$ States
• Heavy Hadrons in Nuclear Matter
• Towards a theory of hadron resonances
• Coupled-channel interpretation of the LHCb double-$J/\psi$ spectrum and hints of a new state near the $J/\psi J/\psi$ threshold
• Heavy hadronic molecules with pion exchange and quark core couplings: a guide for practitioners
• Revisiting the nature of the $P_c$ pentaquarks
• Masses of doubly heavy tetraquarks $T_{Q{Q}^{\prime }}$ in a relativized quark model
• Systematics of the heavy flavor hadronic molecules
• Fully-heavy tetraquarks in strongly interacting medium
• Hidden-charm and bottom meson-baryon molecules coupled with five-quark states
• Novel Method for Precisely Measuring the $X(3872)$ Mass
• Quark model estimate of hidden-charm pentaquark resonances
• Can the newly $P_{cs}(4459)$ be a strange hidden-charm ${\Xi }_c{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ molecular pentaquarks?
• Deciphering the nature of X(3872) in heavy ion collisions
• Hidden-charm pentaquarks as a meson-baryon molecule with coupled channels for ${\bar{D}}^{(\ast )}{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{c}}$ and ${\bar{D}}^{(\ast )}{\Sigma }_{\mathrm{c}}^{(\ast )}$
• QCD and the Strange Baryon Spectrum
• Heavy molecules and one-$\sigma /\omega$-exchange model
• First study of the two-body scattering involving charm hadrons
• Open charm and bottom tetraquarks in an extended relativized quark model
• The Dynamical Diquark Model: First Numerical Results
• Probing hidden-charm decay properties of $P_c$ states in a molecular scenario
• A study of the decays of $S-$wave ${\bar{D}}^{\ast }{K}^{\ast }$ hadronic molecules: the scalar $X_0(2900)$ and its spin partners $X_{J(J=1,2)}$
• Spectrum of the Hidden-Bottom and the Hidden-Charm/Strange Exotics in the Dynamical Diquark Model
• Spectrum and rearrangement decays of tetraquark states with four different flavors
• $P_c(4312{)}^{+}$, $P_c(4380{)}^{+}$, and $P_c(4457{)}^{+}$ as double triangle cusps
• What can we learn from the electromagnetic properties of hidden-charm molecular pentaquarks with single strangeness?
• Mass spectrum of the hidden-charm pentaquarks in the compact diquark model
• Emergence of molecular-type characteristic spectrum of hidden-charm pentaquark with strangeness embodied in the $P_{\psi s}^{\Lambda }(4338)$ and $P_{cs}(4459)$
• Surveying exotic pentaquarks with the typical $QQqq\bar{q}$ configuration
• $K^{\ast }$ mesons with hidden charm arising from $KX(3872)$ and $K{Z}_c(3900)$ dynamics
• Higher fully-charmed tetraquarks: Radial excitations and P-wave states
• $S$-wave fully charmed tetraquark resonant states
• Possible triple-charm molecular pentaquarks from ${\Xi }_{cc}{D}_1/{\Xi }_{cc}{D}_2^{\ast }$ interactions
• Exotic triple-charm deuteron-like hexaquarks
• Generalized weak-binding relations of compositeness in effective field theory
• How to reveal the nature of three or more pentaquark states?
• Doubly charmed molecular pentaquarks
• Spectroscopy behavior of fully heavy tetraquarks
• Hidden-charm pentaquarks with triple strangeness due to the ${\Omega }_c^{(\ast )}{\bar{D}}_s^{(\ast )}$ interactions
• Benchmark calculations of fully heavy compact and molecular tetraquark states
• Tetraquarks in large-$N_c$ QCD
• Implications of the $Z_{cs}(3985)$ and $Z_{cs}(4000)$ as two different states
• Revisit the isospin violating decays of $X(3872)$
• Pole determination of $P_{\psi s}^{\Lambda }(4338)$ and possible $P_{\psi s}^{\Lambda }(4255)$ in $B^{-}\to J/\psi \Lambda \bar{p}$
• Triply heavy tetraquark states with the $QQ\bar{Q}\bar{q}$ configuration
• Study the molecular nature of $\sigma$, $f_0(980)$, and $a_0(980)$ states
• Fine Structure of Pentaquark Multiplets in the Dynamical Diquark Model
• Mass behavior of hidden-charm pentaquarks with open-strange inspired by these established $P_c$ molecular states
• Exotic double-charm molecular states with hidden or open strangeness and around $4.5\sim 4.7$ GeV
• $S$- and $P$-wave fully-strange tetraquark states from QCD sum rules
• Doubly heavy tetraquark multiplets as heavy antiquark-diquark symmetry partners of heavy baryons
• The Spectrum of $P$-Wave Hidden-Charm Exotic Mesons in the Diquark Model
• $P_c(4380)$ in a constituent quark model
• Investigating new type of doubly-charmed molecular tetraquarks composed of the charmed meson in $H$-doublet and the charmed meson in $T$-doublet
• Spectrum of the doubly charmed molecular pentaquarks in chiral effective field theory
• Nature of the $Y(4260)$: A light-quark perspective
• Exploring the electromagnetic properties of the ${\Xi }_c^{(\prime ,\ast )}{\bar{D}}_s^{\ast }$ and ${\Omega }_c^{(\ast )}{\bar{D}}_s^{\ast }$ molecular states
• Prediction of a narrow exotic hadronic state with quantum numbers $J^{PC}=0^{--}$
• Correlation of the hidden-charm molecular tetraquarks and the charmoniumlike structures existing in the $B\to XYZ+K$
• Newly observed $X(4630)$: a new charmoniumlike molecule
• Compact $sssc\bar{c}$ pentaquark states predicted by a quark model
• Heavy-hadron molecular spectrum from light-meson exchange saturation
• Going in quest of potential tetraquark interpretations for the newly observed $T_{\psi \psi }$ states in light of the diquark-antidiquark scenarios
• The Dynamical Diquark Model: Fine Structure and Isospin
• The hidden-charm strong decays of the $Z_c$ states
• Triangle Singularity in the Production of $X(3872)$ and a Photon in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ Annihilation
• Chiral effective theory of diquarks and the U_A(1) anomaly
• Surveying the mass spectra and the electromagnetic properties of the ${\Xi }_c^{(\prime ,\ast )}{D}^{(\ast )}$ molecular pentaquarks
• Triple-charm molecular states composed of $D^{\ast }{D}^{\ast }D$ and $D^{\ast }{D}^{\ast }{D}^{\ast }$
• A new group of doubly charmed molecule with $T$-doublet charmed meson pair
• Understanding the $0^{++}$ and $2^{++}$ charmonium(-like) states near 3.9 GeV
• Decay behaviors of the fully-bottom and fully-charm tetraquark states
• Production of exotic charmonium in $\gamma \gamma$ interactions at hadronic colliders
• Heavy baryon spectrum with chiral multiplets of scalar and vector diquarks
• Production of $X(3872)$ Accompanied by a Pion in $B$ Meson Decay
• Heavy flavor pentaquarks with four heavy quarks
• Revisiting $X(3872)\to D^0{\bar{D}}^0{\pi }^0$ in XEFT
• Probing the electromagnetic properties of the ${\Sigma }_c^{(\ast )}{D}^{(\ast )}$-type doubly charmed molecular pentaquarks
• $\bar{K}\Lambda$ molecular explanation to the newly observed $\Xi (1620{)}^0$
• Higher molecular $P_{\psi s}^{\Lambda /\Sigma }$ pentaquarks arising from the ${\Xi }_c^{(\prime ,\ast )}{\bar{D}}_1/{\Xi }_c^{(\prime ,\ast )}{\bar{D}}_2^{\ast }$ interactions
• Triply-heavy tetraquarks in an extended relativized quark model
• Search for a $D\bar{D}$ bound state in the ${\Lambda }_b\to \Lambda D\bar{D}$ process
• Double-charm heptaquark states composed of two charmed mesons and one nucleon
• Radiative decays and magnetic moments of the predicted $B_c$-like molecules
• Radiative decays of the spin-$2$ partner of $X(3872)$
• Threshold Effects and the Line Shape of the X(3872) in Effective Field Theory
• Predicting isovector charmonium-like states from X(3872) properties
• Doubly heavy tetraquark bound and resonant states
• $D^{\pm }{D}^{\ast \mp }$ Hadronic Atom as a Key to Revealing the $X(3872)$ Mystery
• $Z_c(4430)$ and $Z_c(4200)$ as triangle singularities
• Pair structure of heavy tetraquark systems
• Triangle singularity appearing as an $X(3872)$-like peak in $B\to (J/\psi {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-})K\pi$
• New type of doubly charmed molecular pentaquarks containing most strange quarks: Mass spectra, radiative decays, and magnetic moments
• Manifestly exotic pentaquarks with a single heavy quark
• Prompt production of the hidden charm pentaquarks in the LHC
• Flavor-singlet charm pentaquark
• Global coupled-channel analysis of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to c\bar{c}$ processes in $\sqrt{s}=3.75-4.7$ GeV
• Possible interpretation of the complex expectation values associated with resonances
• Production of the $Z_b^{(\prime )}$ states from the ${\rm Y}(5S,6S)$ decays
• The interplay between compact and molecular structures in tetraquarks
• Near-threshold Spectrum from Uniformized Mittag-Leffler Expansion -Pole Structure of $Z(3900)$-
• Estimates of the $X(3872)$ Cross Section at a Hadron Collider
• Production of $Z_{cs}$ in $B$ and $B_s$ decay
• $Z_{cs}$ states from the $D_s^{\ast }{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ and $J/\psi K^{\ast }$ coupled channels: Signal in $B^{+}\to J/\psi \varphi K^{+}$ decay
• Fully strange tetraquark resonant states as the cousins of $X(6900)$
• Exotic pentaquark states with the $qqQQ\bar{Q}$ configuration
• Charmonium production in ultra-peripheral heavy ion collisions with two-photon processes
• Flavor Physics at the CEPC: a General Perspective
• One way to verify the molecular picture of exotic hadrons --from $DK$ to $DDK/D{\bar{D}}^{(\ast )}K$
• Production of $X(3872)$ Accompanied by a Soft Pion at Hadron Colliders
• Diabatic description of charmoniumlike mesons II: mass corrections and strong decay widths
• Fully heavy tetraquark resonant states with different flavors
• $P$-wave charmonium contribution to hidden-charm states from reanalysis of lattice QCD data
• Production of the $X(4014)$ as the spin-2 partner of $X(3872)$ in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collisions
• Colloquium: Hadron Production in Open-charm Meson Pair at $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ Collider
• Tri-meson bound state $BB{B}^{\ast }$ via delocalized $\pi$~Bond
• Exotic Hadrons from Scattering in the Diabatic Dynamical Diquark Model
• Study of charmonium and charmonium-like contributions in $B^{+}\to J/\psi \eta K^{+}$ decays
• $\sigma$ exchange in the one-boson exchange model involving the ground state octet baryons
• Hidden-flavor pentaquarks
• Semi-inclusive electroproduction of hidden-charm and double-charm hadronic molecules
• $D^{+}{D}^{-}$ hadronic atom and its production in $pp$ and $p\bar{p}$ collisions
• Production of $X(3872)$ and a Photon in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ Annihilation
• Width of a two-body coupled-channel resonance
• Prediction of new states from $D^{(\ast )}{B}^{(\ast )}{\bar{B}}^{(\ast )}$ three-body interactions
• Heavy baryons in holographic QCD with higher dimensional degrees of freedom
• Covalent hadronic molecules induced by shared light quarks
• Investigating the M1 radiative decay behaviors and the magnetic moments of the predicted triple-charm molecular-type pentaquarks
• Towards a precision determination of the $X(6200)$ parameters from data
• Investigations on the light hadron decays of $Z_b(10610)$ and $Z_b(10650)$
• $J/\psi N$ interactions revisited and ${\Lambda }_b^0\to J/\psi K^{-}({\pi }^{-})p$ decays
• Dispersive analysis of the isospin breaking in the $X(3872)\to J/\psi {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ and $X(3872)\to J/\psi {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^0{\pi }^{-}$ decays
• Structure of hadron resonances with a nearby zero of the amplitude
• Entanglement suppression and low-energy scattering of heavy mesons
• On the two-body decay processes of the predicted three-body $K^{\ast }(4307)$ resonance
• Exploring the mass spectrum and the electromagnetic properties of the possible ${\Xi }_{cc}{K}^{(\ast )}$ and ${\Xi }_{cc}{\bar{K}}^{(\ast )}$ molecules
• Discovery of $T_{c\bar{s}0}^a(2900{)}^{0,++}$ implies new charmed-strange pentaquark system
• Production and absorption of exotic bottomonium-like states in high energy heavy ion collisions
• Hadronic molecular states with the quark contents $bc\bar{s}\bar{q}$, $b\bar{c}s\bar{q}$, and $b\bar{c}\bar{s}q$
• Triply heavy baryon spectroscopy revisited
• Doubly charmed hexaquarks in the diquark picture
• Compositeness of hadron resonances in finite volume
• Hadron-hadron potentials coupled to quark degrees of freedom for exotic hadrons
• Molecular pentaquark states with open charm and bottom flavors
• New type of hydrogenlike charm-pion or charm-kaon matter
• Radiative Transitions of Charmoniumlike Exotics in the Dynamical Diquark Model
• Open charm and bottom meson-nucleon potentials à la nuclear force
• Doubly charmed dibaryon states
• How does the $X(3872)$ show up in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collisions: dip versus peak
• Probing exotic $J^{PC}$ resonances from deeply bound charmoniumlike molecules: Insights for identifying exotic hadrons
• Molecular states in $D_s^{(\ast )+}{\Xi }_c^{{(}^{\prime },\ast )}$ systems
• Spectroscopic Properties of Double-Strangeness Molecular Tetraquarks
• $Z_b(10610)$ in a hadronic medium
• Hunting for the prospective $T_{cc}$ family based on the diquark-antidiquark configuration
• Classification of Coupled-Channel Near-Threshold Structures
• Modifications on parameters of $Z(4430)$ in a dense medium
• Fully charmed P-wave tetraquark resonant states in the quark model
• Predictions of super-exotic heavy mesons from $K^{\ast }{B}^{\ast }{B}^{\ast }$ interactions
• Universal physics of the few-body system of two neutrons and one flavored meson
• $P_c(4457)$ interpreted as a $J^P=1/2^{+}$ state by ${\bar{D}}^0{\Lambda }_c^{+}(2595)$-${\pi }^0{P}_c(4312)$ interaction
• DeepQuark: A Deep-Neural-Network Approach to Multiquark Bound States
• Observation of B${}^0$ $\to$ $\psi$(2S)K${}_{\mathrm{S}}^0{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ and B${}_{\mathrm{S}}^0$ $\to$ $\psi$(2S)K${}_{\mathrm{S}}^0$ decays
• Study of the resonance contributions in the ${\Xi }_b^{-}\to p{K}^{-}{K}^{-}$ decay
• Possible molecules of triple-heavy pentaquarks within the extended local hidden gauge formalism
• Study of the hidden charm pentaquarks ${\Lambda }_{c\bar{c}}$ above $4$ GeV
• Effective range expansion with a long-range force
• Production of $1^{-+}$ exotic charmonium-like states in electron-positron collisions
• Production of the (predicted) $K^{\ast }(4307)$ in $B$ decays
• Heavy baryon production with an instanton interaction
• Particle Yields and Ratios within Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Statistics
• Electromagnetic properties of possible triple-charm molecular hexaquarks
• Strong decays of $a_0$, $f_0$, $f_2$, and $K_2^{\ast }$ resonances as dynamically generated states of two vector mesons
• Electromagnetic characteristics as probes into the inner structures of the predicted ${\Xi }_c^{{(}^{\prime },\ast )}{D}_s^{(\ast )}$ molecular states
• Study of the $Y(4660)$ from a light-quark perspective
• Predicting possible molecular states of nucleons with ${\Xi }_c$, ${\Xi }_c^{\ast }$, and ${\Xi }_c^{\prime }$
• An alternative way to decipher the nature of the doubly charmed tetraquark $T_{cc}(3875{)}^{+}$: its antiparticle $T_{\bar{c}\bar{c}}(3875{)}^{-}$ photoproduction off nuclei near threshold
• Proper constituent gluon mass as the final piece to construct hybrid mesons
• Pole analysis for the $D^{\ast }\bar{K}$-$D\overline{K^{\ast }}$ coupled-channel system
• Light meson emissions of the selected charmonium-like states within compact tetraquark configurations
• Nature of the D_0 meson in the D pi scattering with chiral symmetry
• Finding Interaction Mechanism between Exotic Molecule and Conventional Hadron
• ${\chi }_{c1}(2p)$: an overshadowed charmoniumlike resonance
• Radiative decay and axial-vector decay behaviors of octet pentaquark states
• Unveiling the Composition of the Single-Charm Molecular Pentaquarks: Insights from Radiative Decay and Magnetic Moment
• Exotic Heavy Hadrons
• Possible ${\Sigma }_c^{\ast }\bar{\Sigma }$ molecular states
• Two nearby states in the $X(3872)$ region: Resolving the radiative-decay ratio tension with ${\eta }_{c2}$
• A Study of Degenerate Two-Body and Three-Body Coupled-Channel Systems -Renormalized Effective AGS Equations and Near-Threshold Resonances-
• The $X(3872)\to J/\psi \pi \gamma$ and $X(3872)\to J/\psi \pi \pi \gamma$ decays
• $Z_c(3900)$ in a hadronic molecule and a triangle singularity approach at finite temperature
• Constrain the ${\chi }_{cJ}\to D^{(\ast )}{\bar{D}}^{(\ast )}$ effective couplings via the $X(3872)\to {\pi }^0{\chi }_{cJ}$ decays
• Dynamically generated states from the $\eta K^{\ast }{\bar{K}}^{\ast }$, $\pi K^{\ast }{\bar{K}}^{\ast }$, and $K{K}^{\ast }{\bar{K}}^{\ast }$ systems within the fixed-center approximation
• Photon-induced production of the exotic charged charmonium-like state $Z_c(3900)$ off nuclear targets and its internal structure
• Spectrum of Hidden-Charm, Open-Strange Exotics in the Dynamical Diquark Model
• Investigating the two-pion exchange of the double charm $D{D}^{\ast }$ chiral interactions and $T_{cc}$
• Quark-model search for compact $c\bar{c}uds$ pentaquark states
• Five-flavor molecular pentaquarks in the ${\Xi }_b^{(\prime ,\ast )}{\bar{D}}^{(\ast )}$ and ${\Xi }_c^{(\prime ,\ast )}{B}^{(\ast )}$ systems
• Production of hidden-heavy and double-heavy hadronic molecules at the $Z$ factory of CEPC
• A note on the tensor and vector exchange contributions to $K\bar{K}\to K\bar{K},D\bar{D}\to D\bar{D}$ and ${\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ reactions
• Hadronic molecules and multiquark states
• The dynamically generated $h_1$ state by the $K^{\ast }{\bar{K}}^{\ast }$ interaction and its $K_1(1270)\bar{K}$ and $b_1(1235)\pi$ decays
• Strange and charmed baryon productions with an instanton interaction
• New Types of Hydrogenlike matter Composed of Electron(s) and Meson(s)
• Unified study of $B_s^0\to X(3872){\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}(K^{+}{K}^{-})$ and $B_s^0\to \psi (2S){\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}(K^{+}{K}^{-})$ processes
• Predicting charmed-strange molecular tetraquarks with $K^{(\ast )}$ and $T$-doublet charmed or anticharmed meson
• Prospects for compact hexaquarks under the limitation imposed by quark confinement
• Role of the effective range in the weak-binding relation
• Investigating topped hadrons to probe the boundaries of the potential model
• Meson scattering and tetraquarks in two-dimensional QCD
• Structure of exotic hadrons by a weak-binding relation with finite-range correction
• Compositness and wave function of shallow bound states in relation to scattering observables
• Coupled-channel meson-meson scattering in the diabatic framework
• An analysis on doubly bottom molecular tetraquarks composed of $H_{(s)}$ and $T_{(s)}$ doublets
• Physics of many-body resonances with complex scaling and applications to light unstable nuclei
• $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$-$\pi J/\psi$ scatterings of coupled channels for $Z_c(3900)$ channel
• Systematic exploration of triply heavy tetraquarks: spectroscopic and decay characteristics