Evidence for Superfluidity of Ultracold Fermions in an Optical Lattice

Abstract

The study of superfluid fermion pairs in a periodic potential has important ramifications for understanding superconductivity in crystalline materials. Using cold atomic gases, various condensed matter models can be studied in a highly controllable environment. Weakly repulsive fermions in an optical lattice could undergo d-wave pairing at low temperatures, a possible mechanism for high temperature superconductivity in the cuprates. The lattice potential could also strongly increase the critical temperature for s-wave superfluidity. Recent experimental advances in the bulk include the observation of fermion pair condensates and high-temperature superfluidity. Experiments with fermions and bosonic bound pairs in optical lattices have been reported, but have not yet addressed superfluid behavior. Here we show that when a condensate of fermionic atom pairs was released from an optical lattice, distinct interference peaks appear, implying long range order, a property of a superfluid. Conceptually, this implies that strong s-wave pairing and superfluidity have now been established in a lattice potential, where the transport of atoms occurs by quantum mechanical tunneling and not by simple propagation. These observations were made for unitarity limited interactions on both sides of a Feshbach resonance. For larger lattice depths, the coherence was lost in a reversible manner, possibly due to a superfluid to insulator transition. Such strongly interacting fermions in an optical lattice can be used to study a new class of Hamiltonians with interband and atom-molecule couplings.

accepted for publication in Nature

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Cited by in corpus (233)

• Theory of ultracold Fermi gases
• A Mott insulator of fermionic atoms in an optical lattice
• Non-Abelian Topological Order in S-Wave Superfluids of Ultracold Fermionic Atoms
• Fermi-Hubbard physics with atoms in an optical lattice
• A Quantum Gas Microscope for Fermionic Atoms
• Non-Abelian Topological Orders and Majorana Fermions in Spin-Singlet Superconductors
• Monte Carlo study of two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model
• Theory of Non-Hermitian Fermionic Superfluidity with a Complex-Valued Interaction
• Color Superfluidity and "Baryon" Formation in Ultracold Fermions
• Fractal superconductivity near localization threshold
• State preparation and dynamics of ultracold atoms in higher lattice orbitals
• Species-specific optical lattices
• Superfluidity in nuclear systems and neutron stars
• Josephson effect in fermionic superfluids across the BEC-BCS crossover
• Critical velocity for superfluid flow across the BEC-BCS crossover
• Antiferromagnetic Order of Strongly Interacting Fermions in a Trap: Real-Space Dynamical Mean-Field Analysis
• Superconductivity close to the Mott state: From condensed-matter systems to superfluidity in optical lattices
• Fermions in 2D Optical Lattices: Temperature and Entropy Scales for Observing Antiferromagnetism and Superfluidity
• Controlled manipulation of light by cooperative response of atoms in an optical lattice
• Interaction-controlled transport of an ultracold Fermi gas
• Quantum quenches in the anisotropic spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain: different approaches to many-body dynamics far from equilibrium
• Measuring the one-particle excitations of ultracold fermionic atoms by stimulated Raman spectroscopy
• Quantum gas microscopy of an attractive Fermi-Hubbard system
• Real-time evolution for weak interaction quenches in quantum systems
• Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov states in one-dimensional spin-polarized ultracold atomic Fermi gases
• Ultracold bosons with short-range interaction in regular optical lattices
• Anomalous Expansion of Attractively Interacting Fermionic Atoms in an Optical Lattice
• Vortices in quantum droplets: Analogies between boson and fermion systems
• Unconventional superfluid order in the $F$-band of a bipartite optical square lattice
• Finite temperature phase diagram of a polarized Fermi gas in an optical lattice
• Localization-Delocalization Transition of Indirect Excitons in Lateral Electrostatic Lattices
• Dissipation-induced d-Wave Pairing of Fermionic Atoms in an Optical Lattice
• Realizing a Kondo-correlated state with ultracold atoms
• Periodically-driven cold atoms: the role of the phase
• Optical Kagome lattice for ultra-cold atoms with nearest neighbor interactions
• Direct observation of non-local fermion pairing in an attractive Fermi-Hubbard gas
• Superfluidity at the BEC-BCS crossover in two-dimensional Fermi gases with population and mass imbalance
• When Superconductivity Crosses Over: From BCS to BEC
• Dynamical mean-field theory and numerical renormalization group study of superconductivity in the attractive Hubbard model
• Level crossing in the three-body problem for strongly interacting fermions in a harmonic trap
• Superfluid-Insulator Transition of Strongly Interacting Fermi Gases in Optical Lattices
• Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in trapped quasi-two-dimensional Fermi gas near a Feshbach resonance
• Spectral signatures of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov order parameter in one-dimensional optical lattices
• Quantum dynamics in splitting a harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensate by an optical lattice: Truncated Wigner approximation
• Contact resistance and phase slips in mesoscopic superfluid atom transport
• Superconductivity in doped inversion-symmetric Weyl semimetals
• Renormalization group flow for fermionic superfluids at zero temperature
• Luther-Emery Phase and Atomic-Density Waves in a Trapped Fermion Gas
• The effect of population imbalance on the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition in a superfluid Fermi gas
• Majorana corner modes with solitons in an attractive Hubbard-Hofstadter model of cold atom optical lattices
• Truncated-Bloch-wave solitons in optical lattices
• Superfluid Fermi atomic gas as a quantum simulator for the study of neutron-star equation of state
• Stable Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov pairing states in 2D and 3D optical lattices
• Coherent transport of atomic wave packets in amplitude-modulated vertical optical lattices
• Superfluid-insulator transitions of the Fermi gas with near-unitary interactions in a periodic potential
• Direct mapping of the finite temperature phase diagram of strongly correlated quantum models
• Superconductivity in the attractive Hubbard model: functional renormalization group analysis
• Phase Separation Dynamics Induced by an Interaction Quench of a Correlated Fermi-Fermi Mixture in a Double Well
• Local origin of the pseudogap in the attractive Hubbard model
• Cavity-mediated unconventional pairing in ultracold fermionic atoms
• Light scattering for thermometry of fermionic atoms in an optical lattice
• Finite-Temperature Properties of Attractive Three-Component Fermionic Atoms in Optical Lattices
• Magnetism and domain formation in SU(3)-symmetric multi-species Fermi mixtures
• Superfluid to normal phase transition in strongly correlated bosons in two and three dimensions
• Quantum correlations at infinite temperature: the dynamical Nagaoka effect
• Supersolid state of ultracold fermions in an optical lattice
• Partial topological Zak phase and dynamical confinement in non-Hermitian bipartite system
• Driven-dissipative many-body pairing states for cold fermionic atoms in an optical lattice
• BCS-BEC Crossover of a Quasi-two-dimensional Fermi Gas: the Significance of Dressed Molecules
• Coupling spin ensembles via superconducting flux qubits
• Imbalanced Fermi superfluid in a one-dimensional optical potential
• Correlated Tunneling Dynamics of an Ultracold Fermi-Fermi Mixture Confined in a Double-Well
• Control of bound-pair transport by periodic driving
• General Hubbard model for strongly interacting fermions in an optical lattice and its phase detection
• First-order phase transition and anomalous hysteresis of Bose gases in optical lattices
• Resonance Scattering in Optical Lattices and Molecules: Interband versus Intraband Effects
• Confinement-induced Resonances in Quasi-one-dimensional Traps with Transverse Anisotropy
• Superfluid and insulating phases of fermion mixtures in optical lattices
• Observation of dipolar splittings in high-resolution atom-loss spectroscopy of ${}^6$Li $p$-wave Feshbach resonances
• Magnetism, coherent many-particle dynamics, and relaxation with ultracold bosons in optical superlattices
• Three-Component Fermionic Atoms with Repulsive Interaction in Optical Lattices
• Photoinduced $\frac{1}{2}\frac{e^2}{h}$ and $\frac{3}{2}\frac{e^2}{h}$ conductance plateaus in topological insulator-superconductor heterostructures
• Quantum Hall-like effect for cold atoms in non-Abelian gauge potentials
• Rice-Mele model with topological solitons in an optical lattice
• Supersolid state in fermionic optical lattice systems
• Supersolids in confined fermions on one-dimensional optical lattices
• Evolution from BCS to BKT superfluidity in one-dimensional optical lattices
• Novel $p$-wave superfluids of fermionic polar molecules
• Spin-orbit Coupling Effects on the Superfluidity of Fermi Gas in an Optical Lattice
• Magnetic and superfluid phases of confined fermions in two-dimensional optical lattices
• Strongly Interacting Two-Dimensional Dirac Fermions
• Characteristics of Bose-Einstein condensation in an optical lattice
• Coexistence of giant Cooper pairs with a bosonic condensate and anomalous behavior of energy gaps in the BCS-BEC crossover of a two-band superfluid Fermi gas
• The evolution from BCS to BEC superfluidity in the presence of disorder
• Molecular Bose-Einstein condensation in a versatile low power crossed dipole trap
• Stability of Superflow for Ultracold Fermions in Optical Lattices
• P-wave superfluidity of atomic lattice fermions
• Induced interactions for ultracold Fermi gases in optical lattices
• First-order superfluid to Mott-insulator phase transitions in spinor condensates
• Electron coherent and incoherent pairing instabilities in inhomogeneous bipartite and nonbipartite nanoclusters
• Measurement of exciton correlations using electrostatic lattices
• Kinetics of indirect excitons in the optically-induced exciton trap
• Pi-phases in balanced fermionic superfluids on spin-dependent optical lattices
• Effective low-dimensional Hamiltonian for strongly interacting atoms in a transverse trap
• Antiferromagnetic noise correlations in optical lattices
• Static and dynamical quantum correlations in phases of an alternating field XY model
• Resonant enhancement of the FFLO-state in 3D by a one-dimensional optical potential
• Population imbalanced fermions in harmonically trapped optical lattices
• The BCS-BEC Crossover
• Quantum phases of Fermi-Fermi mixtures in optical lattices
• Baryon squishing in synthetic dimensions by effective $SU(M)$ gauge fields
• Fermions with attractive interactions on optical lattices and implications for correlated systems
• Superfuid-insulator transitions at non-integer filling in optical lattices of fermionic atoms
• Engineered Open Systems and Quantum Simulations with Atoms and Ions
• Cold Fermionic Atoms in Two-Dimensional Traps -- Pairing versus Hund's Rule
• Reentrant BCS-BEC crossover and a superfluid-insulator transition in optical lattices
• Commensurability effects for fermionic atoms trapped in 1D optical lattices
• Crystallization of trions in SU(3) cold atom gases trapped in optical lattices
• Noise correlations of the ultra-cold Fermi gas in an optical lattice
• Competing Superconducting States for Ultracold Atoms in Optical Lattices with Artificial Staggered Magnetic Field
• Instability of superfluid Fermi gases induced by a roton-like density mode in optical lattices
• s-wave Cooper pair insulators and theory of correlated superconductors
• Proximity effects in cold atom artificial graphene
• A Model for Overscreened Kondo Effect in Ultracold Fermi Gas
• Correlation Effects on Atom Density Profiles of 1-D and 2-D Polarized Atomic-Fermi-Gas Loaded on Optical Lattice
• Ultracold Feshbach molecules in an orbital optical lattice
• Orbital selective crossover and Mott transitions in an asymmetric Hubbard model of cold atoms in optical lattices
• Superfluid, staggered state, and Mott insulator of repulsively interacting three-component fermionic atoms in optical lattices
• Hubbard model calculations of phase separation in optical lattices
• Mott-insulator-to-superconductor transition in a two-dimensional superlattice
• Spontaneous magnetization and anomalous Hall effect in an emergent Dice lattice
• Perfect optical coherence lattices
• Finite Momentum Pairing Instability of Band-Insulators With Multiple Bands
• Quantum critical dynamics in a spinor Hubbard model quantum simulator
• Theory of non-Hermitian fermionic superfluidity on a honeycomb lattice: Interplay between exceptional manifolds and van Hove Singularity
• Topological flat bands in optical checkerboard-like lattices
• Spatial patterns in optical lattices submitted to gauge potentials
• Interaction-driven Lifshitz transition with dipolar fermions in optical lattices
• Dissipative Preparation of Antiferromagnetic Order in the Fermi-Hubbard Model
• $\eta$-pairing in correlated fermion models with spin-orbit coupling
• Effects of disorder on atomic density waves and spin-singlet dimers in one-dimensional optical lattices
• Stripe Formation in Fermionic Atoms on 2-D Optical Lattice inside a Box Trap: DMRG Studies for Repulsive Hubbard Model with Open Boundary Condition
• Topological quantum phase transitions and edge states in spin-orbital coupled Fermi gases
• Multiband-Driven Superfluid-Insulator Transition of Fermionic Atoms in Optical Lattices: A Dynamical Mean-Field-Theory Study
• Dipole Oscillations in Fermionic Mixtures
• Revealing Majorana Fermion states in a superfluid of cold atoms subject to a harmonic potential
• Density of States and Magnetic Correlations at a Metal-Mott Insulator Interface
• Fermionic Superfluid from a Bilayer Band Insulator in an Optical Lattice
• Fermion- and spin-counting in strongly correlated systems in and out of thermal equilibrium
• Unitarity in periodic potentials: a renormalization group analysis
• Phase separation in optical lattices in a spin-dependent external potential
• Superfluidity of Dirac Fermions in a Tunable Honeycomb Lattice: Cooper Pairing, Collective Modes, and Critical Currents
• Spatially-modulated Superfluid States in Fermionic Optical Ladder Systems with Repulsive Interactions
• Multiband superfluidity and superfluid to band-insulator transition of strongly interacting fermions in an optical lattice
• Atomic lattice excitons: from condensates to crystals
• Intertwined orders from symmetry projected wavefunctions of repulsively interacting Fermi gases in optical lattices
• Optical Feshbach resonances through a molecular dark state: Efficient manipulation of $p$-wave resonances in fermionic ${}^{171}$Yb atoms
• Anisotropic Ginzburg-Landau and Lawrence-Doniach Models for Layered Ultracold Fermi Gases
• Observing the loss and revival of long-range phase coherence through disorder quenches
• Feasibility of a Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov superfluid Fermi atomic gas
• Polarized superfluid state in a three-dimensional fermionic optical lattice
• Collisional dynamics of polaronic clouds immersed in a Fermi sea
• Finite Temperature Properties of Three-Component Fermion Systems in Optical Lattice
• Correlated Phases of Population Imbalanced Fermi-Fermi Mixtures on an Optical Lattice
• Spin dynamics dominated by superexchange via virtual molecules
• FFLO order in ultra-cold atoms in three-dimensional optical lattices
• Quantum fluctuations and condensate fraction during the time-of-flight expansion
• Chiral f-wave Topological Superuid in Triangular Optical Lattices
• Emergent non-trivial lattices for topological insulators
• Relaxation of Fermionic Excitations in a Strongly Attractive Fermi Gas in an Optical Lattice
• Heteronuclear quantum gas mixtures
• Strongly-coupled Josephson junction array for simulation of frustrated one-dimensional spin models
• Superconductivity and charge order of confined Fermi systems
• Bose-Einstein condensation in multilayers
• Realizing the strongly correlated $d$-Mott state in a fermionic cold atom optical lattice
• Magnetic phases of one-dimensional lattices with 2 to 4 fermions per site
• Phase Diagrams of Antiferromagnetic Spin-1 Bosons on Square Optical Lattice with the Quadratic Zeeman Effect
• Production of a highly degenerate Fermi gas of metastable helium-3 atoms
• Exotic Superconductivity in the Extended Attractive Hubbard Model
• Superfluidity of fermions with repulsive on-site interaction in an anisotropic optical lattice near a Feshbach resonance
• Tunneling properties of a bound pair of Fermi atoms in an optical lattice
• Phase diagram of non-Hermitian BCS superfluids in a dissipative asymmetric Hubbard model
• Superfluid phases of ultracold Fermi gases on a checkerboard superlattice
• Tunneling of polarized fermions in 3D double wells
• Interband physics in an ultra-cold Fermi gas in an optical lattice
• Stability and chaotic behavior of Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices with two- and three-body interactions
• Phase diagram of imbalanced fermions in optical lattices
• Disorder effects on the quantum coherence of a many-boson system
• Adiabatic cooling of a tunable Bose-Fermi mixture in an optical lattice
• Global superfluid phase diagram of three component fermions with magnetic ordering
• Measuring spin correlations in optical lattices using superlattice potentials
• Magnetism of quantum dot clusters: A Hubbard model study
• Stability of FFLO states in optical lattices with bilayer structure
• Thermal and quantum noncondensate particles near the superfluid to Mott insulator transition
• Charge-impurity-induced Majorana fermions in topological superconductors
• Nonequilibrium BCS-BEC crossover and unconventional FFLO superfluid in a strongly interacting driven-dissipative Fermi gas
• Probing Phases and Quantum Criticality using Deviations from the Local Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem
• Resonant Superfluidity in an Optical Lattice
• Exploring multi-band excitations of interacting Bose gases in a 1D optical lattice by coherent scattering
• Crossovers in Unitary Fermi Systems
• Test of Particle-Assisted Tunneling for Strongly Interacting Fermions in an Optical Superlattice
• Multi-body correlations in SU(3) Fermi gases
• Interplay between charge, magnetic and superconducting order in a Kondo lattice with an attractive Hubbard interaction
• Phase diagram of imbalanced strongly interacting fermions on a one-dimensional optical lattice
• Incompressible states of a two-component Fermi gas in a double-well optical lattice
• Superfluid/ferromagnet/superfluid junction and $\pi$-phase in a superfluid Fermi gas
• Work statistics and Entanglement across the fermionic superfluid-insulator transition
• Maximally entangled gapped ground state of lattice fermions
• Matter-wave interference in s-wave and p-wave Fermi condensates
• Phase Equilibrium of Binary Mixtures in Mixed Dimensions
• d-Wave Spin Density Wave phase in the Attractive Hubbard Model with Spin Polarization
• Radio frequency spectroscopy of the attractive Hubbard model in a trap
• Spin-orbit coupled repulsive Fermi atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice
• Density-Wave and Antiferromagnetic States of Fermionic Atoms in Optical Lattices
• Odd-parity topological superfluidity for fermions in a bond-centered square optical lattice
• Signatures of Fermion Pairing with Unconventional Symmetry around BCS-BEC Crossover in a Quasi-2D Lattice
• Spin-flip induced superfluidity in a ring of spinful hard-core bosons
• Classical correspondence of the exceptional points in the finite non-Hermitian system
• d-wave Superfluid with Gapless Edges in a Cold Atom Trap
• The phase diagram of two-dimensional fast-rotating ultra-cold fermionic atoms near unitarity
• Statistical mechanics of a Feshbach coupled Bose-Fermi gas in an optical lattice
• Spin-1/2 fermions with attractive interaction in an optical lattice
• Photoassociative cooling and trapping of a pair of interacting atoms
• Effect of boson on-site repulsion on the superfluidity in the boson-fermion-Hubbard model
• Generation of vortex dipoles in superfluid Fermi gas in BCS limit
• Polarization-induced phase separation and re-entrant transition of two component-fermions in a one-dimensional lattice
• Using superlattice potentials to probe long-range magnetic correlations in optical lattices
• Flow and critical velocity of an imbalanced Fermi gas through an optical potential
• Inducing spin-dependent tunneling to probe magnetic correlations in optical lattices
• States of fermionic atoms in an optical superlattice across a Feshbach resonance
• Pair density wave instability and Cooper pair insulators in gapped fermion systems
• Quantum simulation of the Hubbard model with ultracold fermions in optical lattices
• Superfluidity of identical fermions in an optical lattice: atoms and polar molecules