Nucleosynthetic signatures of the first stars

Abstract

The chemically most primitive stars provide constraints on the nature of the first stellar objects that formed in the Universe; elements other than hydrogen, helium and traces of lithium within these objects were generated by nucleosynthesis in the very first stars. The relative abundances of elements in the surviving primitive stars reflect the masses of the first stars, because the pathways of nucleosynthesis are quite sensitive to stellar masses. Several models have been suggested to explain the origin of the abundance pattern of the giant star HE 0107-5240, which hitherto exhibited the highest deficiency of heavy elements known. Here we report the discovery of HE 1327-2326, a subgiant or main-sequence star with an iron abundance about a factor of two lower than that of HE 0107-5240. Both stars show extreme overabundances of carbon and nitrogen with respect to iron, suggesting a similar origin of the abundance patterns. The unexpectedly low Li and high Sr abundances of HE 1327-2326, however, challenge existing theoretical understanding: none predicts the high Sr abundance or provides a Li depletion mechanism consistent with data available for the most metal-poor stars.

9 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Nature; typos corrected

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• Implementation and validation of realistic (n,x) reaction yields in GEANT4 utilizing a detailed evaluated nuclear reaction library below 20 MeV
• Extremely Metal-Poor Star Candidates in the SDSS
• Self-Organization In Stellar Evolution: Size-Complexity Rule
• Angular momentum distribution during the collapse of primordial star-forming clouds
• Discovery of three new near-pristine absorption clouds at $z=2.6$-4.4
• Exploring the Universe with Metal-Poor Stars
• The metal-poorest tail of the Galactic halo: hypothesis on its origin from precise spectral analysis
• Abundances of neutron-capture elements in CH and Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor (CEMP) stars
• Three-dimensional models of metal-poor stars
• HE0144-4657: A Carbon-Enhanced Ultra Metal-Poor Star ([Fe/H] ~ -4.1) from the Helmi Stream Disrupted Dwarf Galaxy
• Modelling intergalactic low ionisation metal absorption line systems near the epoch of reionization
• The early gaseous and stellar mass assembly of Milky Way-type galaxy halos
• SkyMapper and the Southern Sky Survey - a resource for the southern sky
• The Connection between Gamma-Ray Bursts and Extremely Metal-Poor Stars as Nucleosynthetic Probes of the Early Universe
• On the Formation Age of the First Planetary System
• First Stars -- Type Ib Supernovae Connection
• Detailed Abundance Determination of Metal-Poor Stars with X-Shooter I. Unusual Chemistry in Halo Stars
• Modelling the chemical evolution
• The first galactic stars and chemical enrichment in the halo