Unveiling BLR Structure in AGN with High Resolution X-Ray Spectra: An Analytic Approach to Wind Emission Line Profiles

Abstract

XRISM has provided an unprecedented view of the emission and absorption lines in the X-ray. Notably, early results showed significant complexity to the Fe-K$\alpha$ line profile in AGN, with clear contributions from at least three emitting structures: an inner disc, intermediary broad line region (BLR) scale material, and an outer torus. This poses a new challenge for the modelling of the emission lines, as while fast sophisticated models exist for disc line-profiles, large scale-height material is typically much more complex. In this paper we aim to address this gap, by building a fully analytic model for the emission line profiles from a wind, aimed towards BLR scale material, motivated on previous reverberation studies suggesting a wind on the inner edge of the BLR. Our approach gives a physically motivated, yet computationally fast, model for the intermediary component to the Fe-K$\alpha$ complex seen in the XRISM data. We demonstrate our model on the XRISM observations of NGC 4151 from the performance verification phase, showing that it gives a good description of the data, with physically reasonable parameters for BLR scale material. We also show that our model naturally gives the smooth line profile seen in the data, due to the large spatial extent of a wind. Finally, we make our model code public to the community, and name it xwind.

13 pages, 7 figures, 3 appendices. Re-submitted to A&A after addressing initial referee comments, comments welcome

References in corpus (62)

• Array Programming with NumPy
• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• The Astropy Project: Sustaining and Growing a Community-oriented Open-source Project and the Latest Major Release (v5.0) of the Core Package
• On the Absorption of X-rays in the Interstellar Medium
• Binary companions of evolved stars in APOGEE DR14: Search method and catalog of ~5,000 companions
• Dynamics of line-driven disk winds in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Evidence for ultra-fast outflows in radio-quiet AGNs: I - detection and statistical incidence of Fe K-shell absorption lines
• An XMM-Newton survey of broad iron lines in Seyfert galaxies
• AGN wind scaling relations and the co-evolution of black holes and galaxies
• Dynamics of Line-Driven Disk Winds in Active Galactic Nuclei II: Effects of Disk Radiation
• An X-ray Spectral Model for Compton-Thick Toroidal Reprocessors
• Evidence of strong quasar feedback in the early Universe
• A Model for the X-Ray and UV Emission from Seyfert Galaxies and Galactic Black Holes
• The multi-phase winds of Markarian 231: from the hot, nuclear, ultra-fast wind to the galaxy-scale, molecular outflow
• Black hole feedback in the luminous quasar PDS 456
• The origin of the Broad Line Region in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Black Hole Outflows
• The tight relation between X-ray and ultraviolet luminosity of quasars
• The WISSH Quasars Project I. Powerful ionised outflows in hyper-luminous quasars
• A Compton-thick Wind in the High Luminosity Quasar, PDS 456
• MHD Accretion-Disk Winds as X-ray Absorbers in AGNs
• The Nature of the Compton-thick X-ray Reprocessor in NGC 4945
• Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. I. Ultraviolet Observations of the Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 5548 with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on Hubble Space Telescope
• Physical Diagnostics from a Narrow Fe-Kalpha Emission Line Detected by Chandra in the Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 5548
• The Cores of the Fe K Lines in Seyfert I Galaxies Observed by the Chandra High Energy Grating
• Systematic comparison of photoionised plasma codes with application to spectroscopic studies of AGN in X-rays
• Modeling the Spectral Signatures of Accretion Disk Winds: A New Monte Carlo Approach
• Widespread QSO-driven outflows in the early Universe
• Multi-dimensional modelling of X-ray spectra for AGN accretion-disk outflows
• Emergence of a Broad-Absorption-Line Outflow in the Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxy WPVS 007
• Evidence for a radiatively driven disc-wind in PDS 456?
• Density Profiles in Seyfert Outflows
• The origin of ultra-fast outflows in AGN: Monte-Carlo simulations of the wind in PDS 456
• A disk wind interpretation of the strong Fe Kα features in 1H 0707-495
• A BLR origin for the iron K$\alpha$ line in NGC7213
• The XMM-Newton view of Mrk3 and IXO30
• Radiation Hydrodynamic Simulations of Line-Driven Disk Winds for Ultra Fast Outflows
• X-ray Diagnostics of Giant Molecular Clouds in the Galactic Center Region and Past Activity of Sgr A*
• Line-driven disk wind model for ultra-fast outflows in active galactic nuclei -- Scaling with luminosity
• Searching for Ultra-fast Outflows in AGN using Variability Spectra
• Simultaneous Ultraviolet and X-ray Observations of the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 4151. II. Physical Conditions in the UV Absorbers
• A wind-based unification model for NGC 5548: spectral holidays, non-disk emission, and implications for changing-look quasars
• Structured ionized winds shooting out from a quasar at relativistic speeds
• Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. X. Understanding the Absorption-Line Holiday in NGC 5548
• The z=0.54 LoBAL Quasar SDSS J085053.12+445122.5: I. Spectral Synthesis Analysis Reveals a Massive Outflow
• The picture of BLR in 2.5-D FRADO: Dynamics & Geometry
• X-ray radiative transfer in full 3D with SKIRT
• Radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of thermally-driven disc winds in X-ray binaries: A direct comparison to GRO J1655-40
• The Physical Properties of Low Redshift FeLoBAL Quasars. I. Spectral Synthesis Analysis of the BAL Outflows using $SimBAL$
• X-ray Structure between the Innermost Disk and Optical Broad Line Region in NGC 4151
• The fraction and kinematics of broad absorption line quasars across cosmic time
• Discovery of a Remarkably Powerful Broad Absorption Line Quasar Outflow in SDSS J135246.37+423923.5
• Constraining the geometry of the nuclear wind in PDS 456 using a novel emission model
• Delving into the depths of NGC 3783 with XRISM. I. Kinematic and ionization structure of the highly ionized outflows
• Localizing narrow Fe K$\alpha$ emission within bright AGN
• A multiwavelength-motivated X-ray model for the Circinus Galaxy
• Narrow Fe-K$\alpha$ Reverberation Mapping Unveils the Deactivated Broad-Line Region in a Changing-Look Active Galactic Nucleus
• A New Emulated Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer Disk-Wind Model: X-Ray Accretion Disk-wind Emulator -- XRADE
• XRISM Spectroscopy of Accretion-Driven Wind Feedback in NGC 4151
• SIROCCO: A Publicly Available Monte Carlo Ionization and Radiative Transfer Code for Astrophysical Outflows
• Spatially resolved broad line region in a quasar at z=4: Dynamical black hole mass and prominent outflow
• Time Evolving Photo Ionisation Device (TEPID): a novel code for out-of-equilibrium gas ionisation