Nuclear Spin Engineering for Quantum Information Science

Abstract

Semiconductors are the backbone of modern technology, garnering decades of investment in high quality materials and devices. Electron spin systems in semiconductors, including atomic defects and quantum dots, have been demonstrated in the last two decades to host quantum coherent spin qubits, often with coherent spin-photon interfaces and proximal nuclear spins. These systems are at the center of developing quantum technology. However, new material challenges arise when considering the isotopic composition of host and qubit systems. The isotopic composition governs the nature and concentration of nuclear spins, which naturally occur in leading host materials. These spins generate magnetic noise -- detrimental to qubit coherence -- but also show promise as local quantum memories and processors, necessitating careful engineering dependent on the targeted application. Reviewing recent experimental and theoretical progress towards understanding local nuclear spin environments in semiconductors, we show this aspect of material engineering as critical to quantum information technology.

13 pages, 5 figures

References in corpus (28)

• High-sensitivity diamond magnetometer with nanoscale resolution
• Single-shot read-out of an individual electron spin in a quantum dot
• An addressable quantum dot qubit with fault-tolerant control fidelity
• High-fidelity projective readout of a solid-state spin quantum register
• Coherent control of single spins in silicon carbide at room temperature
• Realization of a multi-node quantum network of remote solid-state qubits
• Isolated electron spins in silicon carbide with millisecond-coherence times
• Theory of electron spin decoherence by interacting nuclear spins in a quantum dot
• Coherence of single spins coupled to a nuclear spin bath of varying density
• Quantum many-body theory of qubit decoherence in a finite-size spin bath
• Robust multi-qubit quantum network node with integrated error detection
• Electron spin decoherence of single Nitrogen-Vacancy defects in diamond
• Observation of a many-body-localized discrete time crystal with a programmable spin-based quantum simulator
• Electron Spin Dephasing due to Hyperfine Interactions with a Nuclear Spin Bath
• Electron spin decoherence in isotope-enriched silicon
• A silicon-integrated telecom photon-spin interface
• Dynamics of Quantum Dot Nuclear Spin Polarization Controlled by a Single Electron
• Universal coherence protection in a solid-state spin qubit
• Electron Spin Decoherence in Silicon Carbide Nuclear Spin Bath
• Uncovering many-body correlations in nanoscale nuclear spin baths by central spin decoherence
• Schrödinger cat states of a nuclear spin qudit in silicon
• Grover's algorithm in a four-qubit silicon processor above the fault-tolerant threshold
• Optical single-shot readout of spin qubits in silicon
• Physics-informed tracking of qubit fluctuations
• Multiplexed Entanglement of Multi-emitter Quantum Network Nodes
• The formation of a nuclear-spin dark state in silicon
• Individual solid-state nuclear spin qubits with coherence exceeding seconds
• Two-Photon Interference of Photons from Remote Tin-Vacancy Centers in Diamond