Cavity engineering of solid-state materials without external driving

Abstract

Confining electromagnetic fields inside an optical cavity can enhance the light-matter coupling between quantum materials embedded inside the cavity and the confined photon fields. When the interaction between the matter and the photon fields is strong enough, even the quantum vacuum field fluctuations of the photons confined in the cavity can alter the properties of the cavity-embedded solid-state materials at equilibrium and room temperature. This approach to engineering materials with light avoids fundamental issues of laser-induced transient matter states. To clearly differentiate this field from phenomena in driven systems, we call this emerging field cavity materials engineering. In this review, we first present theoretical frameworks, especially, ab initio methods, for describing light-matter interactions in solid-state materials embedded inside a realistic optical cavity. Next, we overview a few experimental breakthroughs in this domain, detailing how the ground state properties of materials can be altered within such confined photonic environments. Moreover, we discuss state-of-the-art theoretical proposals for tailoring material properties within cavities. Finally, we outline the key challenges and promising avenues for future research in this exciting field.

75 pages, 8 figures

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Cited by in corpus (12)

• Cavity-induced coherent magnetization and polaritons in altermagnets
• Cavity Spectroscopy for Strongly Correlated Systems
• One-dimensional extended Hubbard model coupled with an optical cavity
• Modifying electronic and structural properties of 2D van der Waals materials via cavity quantum vacuum fluctuations: A first-principles QEDFT study
• Path Integral Approach to Input-Output Theory
• Cavity-Driven Attractive Interactions in Quantum Materials
• Chern insulators and topological flat bands in cavity-embedded kagome systems
• Tunable intertwining via collective excitations
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• Cavity QED Control of Quantum Hall Stripes
• Gate-tunable single terahertz meta-atom ultrastrong light-matter coupling
• Amplified response of cavity-coupled quantum-critical systems