Exciton-polariton condensates
arXiv:1411.6822 · doi:10.1038/nphys3143
Abstract
Recently a new type of system exhibiting spontaneous coherence has emerged -- the exciton-polariton condensate. Exciton-polaritons (or polaritons for short) are bosonic quasiparticles that exist inside semiconductor microcavities, consisting of a superposition of an exciton and a cavity photon. Above a threshold density the polaritons macroscopically occupy the same quantum state, forming a condensate. The lifetime of the polaritons are typically comparable to or shorter than thermalization times, making them possess an inherently non-equilibrium nature. Nevertheless, they display many of the features that would be expected of equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). The non-equilibrium nature of the system raises fundamental questions of what it means for a system to be a BEC, and introduces new physics beyond that seen in other macroscopically coherent systems. In this review we focus upon several physical phenomena exhibited by exciton-polariton condensates. In particular we examine topics such as the difference between a polariton BEC, a polariton laser, and a photon laser, as well as physical phenomena such as superfluidity, vortex formation, BKT (Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless) and BCS (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer) physics. We also discuss the physics and applications of engineered polariton structures.
15 pages, 5 figures. Unrefereed version according to Nature Physics guidelines
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- Observation of two thresholds leading to polariton condensation in 2D hybrid perovskites
- Simulating Photodissociation Reactions in Bad Cavities with the Lindblad Equation
- Spatially-indirect Exciton Condensate Phases in Double Bilayer Graphene
- Bose-Einstein condensation: Twenty years after
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- Zero-dimensional organic exciton-polaritons in tunable coupled Gaussian defect microcavities at room temperature
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- Fermi-edge exciton-polaritons in doped semiconductor microcavities with finite hole mass
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- Potential Coexistence of Exciton and Fermion Pair Condensations
- Quantum fluctuations in a strongly interacting Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer polariton condensate at thermal equilibrium
- Quasi-two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensation of spin triplets in dimerized quantum magnet BaCuSiOCl
- Steady-state generation of negative-Wigner-function light using feedback
- Microscopic Theory of Equilibrium Polariton Condensates
- Cavity engineering of Hubbard via phonon polaritons
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- Near-field Analysis of Strong Coupling between Localized Surface Plasmons and Excitons
- Magnetic polarons in a nonequilibrium polariton condensate
- Second-order temporal coherence of polariton lasers based on an atomically thin crystal in a microcavity
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- Cavity polaritons with Rydberg blockade and long-range interactions
- Stability Window of Trapless Polariton Bose-Einstein condensates
- Three-Boson Bound States in Two Dimensions
- Self-rotation and synchronization in exciton-polariton condensates
- Phase diagram of microcavity exciton-polariton condensates
- Magnon Condensation in a Dense Nitrogen-Vacancy Spin Ensemble
- Cooper pair polaritons in cold fermionic atoms within a cavity
- Exciton Mott Transition in Two-Dimensional Semiconductors
- Stability of Fractional Quantum Hall States in Disordered Photonic Systems
- Visualising Berry phase and diabolical points in a quantum exciton-polariton billiard
- Effect of magnetic field on intersubband polaritons in a quantum well: Strong to weak coupling conversion
- Exciton-Polaritons in Hybrid Inorganic-organic Perovskite Fabry-Pérot Microcavity