Theory of Photon Condensation in a Spatially-Varying Electromagnetic Field
arXiv:2005.09088 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.102.125137
Abstract
The realization of equilibrium superradiant quantum phases (photon condensates) in a spatially-uniform quantum cavity field is forbidden by a "no-go" theorem stemming from gauge invariance. We here show that the no-go theorem does not apply to spatially-varying quantum cavity fields. We find a criterion for its occurrence that depends solely on the static, non-local orbital magnetic susceptibility , of the electronic system (ES) evaluated at a cavity photon momentum . Only 3DESs satisfying the Condon inequality can harbor photon condensation. For the experimentally relevant case of two-dimensional (2D) ESs embedded in quasi-2D cavities the criterion again involves but also the vertical size of the cavity. We use these considerations to identify electronic properties that are ideal for photon condensation. Our theory is non-perturbative in the strength of electron-electron interaction and therefore applicable to strongly correlated ESs.
arXiv comment25 pages
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