Observation of current whirlpools in graphene at room temperature
arXiv:2408.00182 · doi:10.1126/science.adj2167
Abstract
Electron-electron interactions in high-mobility conductors can give rise to transport signatures resembling those described by classical hydrodynamics. Using a nanoscale scanning magnetometer, we imaged a distinctive hydrodynamic transport pattern - stationary current vortices - in a monolayer graphene device at room temperature. By measuring devices with increasing characteristic size, we observed the disappearance of the current vortex and thus verify a prediction of the hydrodynamic model. We further observed that vortex flow is present for both hole- and electron-dominated transport regimes, while disappearing in the ambipolar regime. We attribute this effect to a reduction of the vorticity diffusion length near charge neutrality. Our work showcases the power of local imaging techniques for unveiling exotic mesoscopic transport phenomena.
arXiv commentMain text and supplementary materials: 16 + 28 pages, 4 + 15 figures. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of the AAAS for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Science on 25 April 2024, DOI: 10.1126/science.adj2167
References in corpus (51)
- Boron nitride substrates for high-quality graphene electronics
- Quantum sensing
- Electronic transport in two dimensional graphene
- Magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond
- Negative local resistance caused by viscous electron backflow in graphene
- Superballistic flow of viscous electron fluid through graphene constrictions
- Fast pick up technique for high quality heterostructures of bilayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride
- Hydrodynamics of electrons in graphene
- Electron Viscosity, Current Vortices and Negative Nonlocal Resistance in Graphene
- Kinetic boundary conditions in the lattice Boltzmann method
- Imaging viscous flow of the Dirac fluid in graphene
- Hydrodynamic electron flow in high-mobility wires
- Measuring Hall Viscosity of Graphene's Electron Fluid
- Electron optics with ballistic graphene junctions
- Visualizing Poiseuille flow of hydrodynamic electrons
- Non-local transport and the hydrodynamic shear viscosity in graphene
- Higher-Than-Ballistic Conduction of Viscous Electron Flows
- Single Ion Quantum Lock-In Amplifier
- Fluidity Onset in Graphene
- Bulk and shear viscosities of the 2D electron liquid in a doped graphene sheet
- Imaging phonon-mediated hydrodynamic flow in WTe2
- Non-local transport and the Hall viscosity of 2D hydrodynamic electron liquids
- The boundary conditions of viscous electron flow
- Nanoscale electrical conductivity imaging using a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond
- Nanoscale imaging of current density with a single-spin magnetometer
- Electron hydrodynamics dilemma: whirlpools or no whirlpools
- Scanning Gate Microscopy in a Viscous Electron Fluid
- Hydrodynamic approach to two-dimensional electron systems
- Pre-Turbulent Regimes in Graphene Flows
- Electron-hole collision limited transport in charge-neutral bilayer graphene
- Improved current density and magnetisation reconstruction through vector magnetic field measurements
- Finite temperature inelastic mean free path and quasiparticle lifetime in graphene
- Control of electron-electron interaction in graphene by proximity screening
- Microscopic theory for electron hydrodynamics in monolayer and bilayer graphene
- Linking Spatial Distributions of Potential and Current in Viscous Electronics
- Imaging Hydrodynamic Electrons Flowing Without Landauer-Sharvin Resistance
- Stokes paradox in electronic Fermi liquids
- Stokes flow around an obstacle in viscous two-dimensional electron liquid
- Absorptive pinhole collimators for ballistic Dirac fermions in graphene
- Nanoscale Electric Field Imaging with an Ambient Scanning Quantum Sensor Microscope
- Generation of a coherent electronic spin cluster in diamond
- Turbulent hydrodynamics in strongly correlated Kagome metals
- Relativistic Gurzhi effect in channels of Dirac materials
- Imaging ferroelectric domains with a single-spin scanning quantum sensor
- Imaging of sub-A currents in bilayer graphene using a scanning diamond magnetometer
- Superballistic electron flow through a point contact in a Ga[Al]As heterostructure
- Vorticity of viscous electronic flow in graphene
- Prospects for the detection of electronic pre-turbulence in graphene
- Fully dissipative relativistic lattice Boltzmann method in two dimensions
- Anti-Poiseuille flow in neutral graphene
- Magnetic hallmarks of viscous electron flow in graphene
Cited by in corpus (25)
- Roadmap on Nonlocality in Photonic Materials and Metamaterials
- Extreme electron-hole drag and negative mobility in the Dirac plasma of graphene
- Superballistic conduction in hydrodynamic antidot graphene superlattices
- Nonlocal conductivity, continued fractions and current vortices in electron fluids
- Configurable antiferromagnetic domains and lateral exchange bias in atomically thin CrPS4
- Minimizing sensor-sample distances in scanning nitrogen-vacancy magnetometry
- Hydrodynamics of the electronic Fermi liquid: a pedagogical overview
- Imaging heat transport in suspended diamond nanostructures with integrated spin defect thermometers
- Multiplexed scanning microscopy with dual-qubit spin sensors
- Planar scanning probe microscopy enables vector magnetic field imaging at the nanoscale
- Slip electron flow in GaAs microscale constrictions
- Superballistic paradox in electron fluids: Evidence of tomographic transport
- Nonequilibrium Relaxation and Odd-Even Effect in Finite-Temperature Electron Gases
- Nanoscale observation and control of quasiparticle induced magnetic noise in a superconducting resonator
- Voltage characteristics of hydrodynamic Dirac electron nozzles with supersonic flow
- Intermediate diffusive-ballistic electron conduction around mesoscopic defects in graphene
- Nanoscale quantum imaging of field-free deterministic switching of a chiral antiferromagnet
- Local heat current flow in ballistic phonon transport of graphene nanoribbons
- Electron viscosity and device-dependent variability in four-probe electrical transport in ultra-clean graphene field-effect transistors
- Markov Inequality as a Tool for Linear-Scaling Estimation of Local Observables
- Tomographic collective modes in a magnetic field
- Electron Hydrodynamics and Bernoulli Effect in Venturi-Shaped 2D Systems
- Thermal transport in crystals: from the quantum Dyson equation to mesoscopic phonon hydrodynamics
- Diffusive and hydrodynamic magnetotransport around a density perturbation in a two-dimensional electron gas
- Theory of magnon hydrodynamics in collinear antiferromagnets