The VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea eXtended (VVVX) ESO public survey: Completion of the observations and legacy

Abstract

The ESO public survey VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea (VVV) surveyed the inner Galactic bulge and the adjacent southern Galactic disk from $2009-2015$. Upon its conclusion, the complementary VVV eXtended (VVVX) survey has expanded both the temporal as well as spatial coverage of the original VVV area, widening it from $562$ to $1700$ sq. deg., as well as providing additional epochs in $JH{K}_{\mathrm{s}}$ filters from $2016-2023$. With the completion of VVVX observations during the first semester of 2023, we present here the observing strategy, a description of data quality and access, and the legacy of VVVX. VVVX took $\sim 2000$ hours, covering about 4% of the sky in the bulge and southern disk. VVVX covered most of the gaps left between the VVV and the VISTA Hemisphere Survey (VHS) areas and extended the VVV time baseline in the obscured regions affected by high extinction and hence hidden from optical observations. VVVX provides a deep $JH{K}_{\mathrm{s}}$ catalogue of $\gtrsim 1.5\times 10^9$ point sources, as well as a $K_{\mathrm{s}}$ band catalogue of $\sim 10^7$ variable sources. Within the existing VVV area, we produced a $5D$ map of the surveyed region by combining positions, distances, and proper motions of well-understood distance indicators such as red clump stars, RR Lyrae, and Cepheid variables. In March 2023 we successfully finished the VVVX survey observations that started in 2016, an accomplishment for ESO Paranal Observatory upon 4200 hours of observations for VVV+VVVX. The VVV+VVVX catalogues complement those from the Gaia mission at low Galactic latitudes and provide spectroscopic targets for the forthcoming ESO high-multiplex spectrographs MOONS and 4MOST.

17 pages, 11 figures (+ appendix). Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics in section 14: Catalogs and data

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• VIRAC2: NIR Astrometry and Time Series Photometry for 500M+ Stars from the VVV and VVVX Surveys
• A Deep, High-Angular Resolution 3D Dust Map of the Southern Galactic Plane
• Three New Galactic Globular Cluster Candidates: FSR1700, Teutsch67, and CWNU4193
• Obscured star clusters in the Inner Milky Way. How many massive young clusters are still awaiting detection?
• CAPOS: The bulge Cluster APOgee Survey VII. First detailed chemical analysis of NGC 6316
• Variable stars in the VVV globular clusters. II. NGC6441, NGC6569, NGC6626 (M28), NGC6656 (M22), 2MASS-GC02, and Terzan10
• Investigating four new candidate redback pulsars discovered in the image plane
• VVV-WIT-13: an eruptive young star with cool molecular features
• Faint galaxies in the Zone of Avoidance revealed by JWST/NIRCam
• Multi-Wavelength characterization of VVVX open clusters
• Using a neural network approach and starspots dependent models to predict effective temperatures and ages of young stars
• Consensus based Algorithm for Nonparametric Detection of Star Clusters (CANDiSC)
• A Multiband Catalog of Infrared-Excess Sources in the Vela-Carina Region: VVVX, DECaPS, and GLIMPSE
• Kinematical and dynamical properties of recently discovered bulge and disc star clusters with WINERED