A unified accretion disc model for supermassive black holes in galaxy formation simulations: method and implementation

Abstract

It is well established that supermassive black hole (SMBH) feedback is crucial for regulating the evolution of massive, if not all, galaxies. However, modelling the interplay between SMBHs and their host galaxies is challenging due to the vast dynamic range. Previous simulations have utilized simple subgrid models for SMBH accretion, while recent advancements track the properties of the unresolved accretion disc, usually based on the thin $\alpha$-disc model. However, this neglects accretion in the radiatively inefficient regime, expected to occur through a thick disc for a significant portion of an SMBH's lifetime. To address this, we present a novel 'unified' accretion disc model for SMBHs, harnessing results from the analytical advection-dominated inflow-outflow solution (ADIOS) model and state-of-the-art GR(R)MHD simulations. Going from low to high Eddington ratios, our model transitions from an ADIOS flow to a thin $\alpha$-disc via a truncated disc, incorporating self-consistently SMBH spin evolution due to Lense-Thirring precession. Utilizing the moving mesh code AREPO, we perform simulations of single and binary SMBHs within gaseous discs to validate our model and assess its impact. The disc state significantly affects observable luminosities, and we predict markedly different electromagnetic counterparts in SMBH binaries. Crucially, the assumed disc model shapes SMBH spin magnitudes and orientations, parameters that gravitational wave observatories like LISA and IPTA are poised to constrain. Our simulations emphasize the importance of accurately modelling SMBH accretion discs and spin evolution, as they modulate the available accretion power, profoundly shaping the interaction between SMBHs and their host galaxies.

Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 29 pages, 17 figures, 1 appendix; doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1422

References in corpus (76)

• The EAGLE project: Simulating the evolution and assembly of galaxies and their environments
• The NANOGrav 15-year Data Set: Evidence for a Gravitational-Wave Background
• GW190521: A Binary Black Hole Merger with a Total Mass of $150M_{\odot }$
• Search for an isotropic gravitational-wave background with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array
• The second data release from the European Pulsar Timing Array III. Search for gravitational wave signals
• Intermediate-Mass Black Holes
• The Illustris simulation: the evolving population of black holes across cosmic time
• Piecing Together the X-ray Background: Bolometric Corrections for Active Galactic Nuclei
• Advection-Dominated Accretion and the Black Hole Event Horizon
• A Compact Supermassive Binary Black Hole System
• Global General Relativistic MHD Simulation of a Tilted Black-Hole Accretion Disk
• The NANOGrav 15-year Data Set: Constraints on Supermassive Black Hole Binaries from the Gravitational Wave Background
• A review of quasi-periodic oscillations from black hole X-ray binaries: observation and theory
• The Bolometric Quasar Luminosity Function at z = 0-7
• The Evolution of Black Hole Mass and Spin in Active Galactic Nuclei
• GA-NIFS: A massive black hole in a low-metallicity AGN at $z\sim 5.55$ revealed by JWST/NIRSpec IFS
• The Quest for Dual and Binary Supermassive Black Holes: A Multi-Messenger View
• Alignment of Magnetized Accretion Disks and Relativistic Jets with Spinning Black Holes
• Introducing the NewHorizon simulation: Galaxy properties with resolved internal dynamics across cosmic time
• Unifying the micro and macro properties of AGN feeding and feedback
• Warp diffusion in accretion discs: a numerical investigation
• Electromagnetic Counterparts to Massive Black Hole Mergers
• Precessing jet nozzle connecting to a spinning black hole in M87
• Anticipated Performance of the Square Kilometre Array -- Phase 1 (SKA1)
• AI-assisted super-resolution cosmological simulations
• Formation of Magnetically Truncated Accretion Disks in 3D Radiation-Transport Two-Temperature GRMHD Simulations
• Constraining the Orbit of Supermassive Black Hole Binary 0402+379
• A candidate sub-parsec binary black hole in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 7674
• Orbital Evolution of Binaries in Circumbinary Disks
• Which AGN Jets Quench Star Formation in Massive Galaxies?
• A little FABLE: exploring AGN feedback in dwarf galaxies with cosmological simulations
• Overview of the Advanced X-ray Imaging Satellite (AXIS)
• Alignment and Precession of a Black Hole with a Warped Accretion Disc
• The Radiative Efficiency and Spectra of Slowly Accreting Black Holes from Two-Temperature GRRMHD Simulations
• A Survey of Disc Thickness and Viscosity in Circumbinary Accretion: Binary Evolution, Variability, and Disc Morphology
• Blandford-Znajek jets in galaxy formation simulations: method and implementation
• Massive black hole binaries in LISA: multimessenger prospects and electromagnetic counterparts
• Preferential Accretion and Circumbinary Disk Precession in Eccentric Binary Systems
• Dense gas formation and destruction in a simulated Perseus-like galaxy cluster with spin-driven black hole feedback
• Black hole evolution: II. Spinning black holes in a supernova-driven turbulent interstellar medium
• Resolving shocks and filaments in galaxy formation simulations: effects on gas properties and star formation in the circumgalactic medium
• Spin-driven jet feedback in idealised simulations of galaxy groups and clusters
• Opacity Driven Convection and Variability in Accretion Disks around Supermassive Black Holes
• Black hole spin and radio loudness in a LCDM universe
• Resolving massive black hole binaries evolution via adaptive particle-splitting
• FORGE'd in FIRE: Resolving the End of Star Formation and Structure of AGN Accretion Disks from Cosmological Initial Conditions
• FORGE'd in FIRE II: The Formation of Magnetically-Dominated Quasar Accretion Disks from Cosmological Initial Conditions
• Radio AGN in nearby dwarf galaxies: the important role of AGN in dwarf-galaxy evolution
• On the different flavours of Lense-Thirring precession around accreting stellar mass black holes
• AGN jet feedback on a moving mesh: gentle cluster heating by weak shocks and lobe disruption
• Rapid Black Hole Spin-down by Thick Magnetically Arrested Disks
• Integral-Field Spectroscopy of Fast Outflows in Dwarf Galaxies with AGN
• Blandford-Znajek jets in galaxy formation simulations: exploring the diversity of outflows produced by spin-driven AGN jets in Seyfert galaxies
• Radiation Transport Two-Temperature GRMHD Simulations of Warped Accretion Disks
• Kicking gravitational wave detectors with recoiling black holes
• Learned Coarse Models for Efficient Turbulence Simulation
• Constraints on Supermassive Black Hole Binaries from JWST and NANOGrav
• Chasing Super-Massive Black Hole merging events with $Athena$ and LISA
• AGN Feeding and Feedback in M84: From Kiloparsec Scales to the Bondi Radius
• Transition of BH feeding from the quiescent regime into star-forming cold disk regime
• Effect of geometrically thin discs on precessing, thick flows: Relevance to type-C QPOs
• Radio jet precession in M81*
• Modelling the accretion and feedback of supermassive black hole binaries in gas-rich galaxy mergers
• Black hole spin evolution in warped accretion discs
• Observational Signatures of Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
• Non-isotropic feedback from accreting spinning black holes
• Analytical Model of Disk Evaporation and State Transitions in Accreting Black Holes
• How the super-Eddington regime affects black hole spin evolution in high-redshift galaxies
• Radio Emission from the First Quasars at $z\sim$ 6-15
• New mechanisms for forming multiple hotspots in radio jets
• The Bardeen-Petterson effect, disk breaking, and the spin orientations of supermassive black-hole binaries
• A Comparison of Outflow Properties in AGN Dwarfs vs. Star Forming Dwarfs
• Dynamical evolution of massive black hole pairs in the presence of spin-dependent radiative feedback
• A new 2D stochastic methodology for simulating variable accretion discs: propagating fluctuations and epicyclic motion
• Improving Black Hole Accretion Treatment in Hydrodynamical Simulations
• A Neural Network Subgrid Model of the Early Stages of Planet Formation

Cited by in corpus (14)

• A dormant, overmassive black hole in the early Universe
• The galaxy-halo connection of disc galaxies over six orders of magnitude in stellar mass
• The Obsidian model: Three regimes of black hole feedback
• Dynamics and spin alignment in massive, gravito-turbulent circumbinary discs around supermassive black hole binaries
• Diverse dark matter profiles in FIRE dwarfs: black holes, cosmic rays and the cusp-core enigma
• Hot, cold, and multi-component accretion flows around supermassive black hole binaries
• The Noctua Suite of Simulations -- The Difficulty of Growing Massive Black Holes in Low-Mass Dwarf Galaxies
• Premature supermassive black hole mergers in cosmological simulations of structure formation
• Joint Modeling of Quasar Variability and Accretion Disk Reprocessing using Latent Stochastic Differential Equations
• First Light And Reionization Epoch Simulations (FLARES) -- XIX: Supermassive black hole mergers in the early Universe and their environmental dependence
• A novel sub-grid model for super-Eddington accretion of spinning black holes in galaxy-scale simulations
• ArkenstoneBH. A model for high-specific energy black hole feedback in cosmological simulations
• Forged by Feedback: Stellar Properties of Brightest Group Galaxies in Cosmological Simulations
• Fueling, Evolution, and Diversity of AGN in Dwarf Galaxies: Insights from Star Formation and Black Hole Scaling Relations