Inflation, superheavy metastable strings and gravitational waves in non-supersymmetric flipped SU(5)

Abstract

Motivated by the NANOGrav 15 year data and other recent investigations of stochastic gravitational background radiation based on pulsar timing arrays, we show how superheavy strings survive inflation but the slightly heavier monopoles do not in a non-supersymmetric hybrid inflation model based on flipped $SU(5)$. With the dimensionless string tension parameter $G\mu \sim 10^{-6}$, the gravitational wave spectrum emitted by the strings, which are metastable due to breaking caused by monopole-antimonopole quantum mechanical tunneling, is compatible with the latest NANOGrav measurement as well as the advanced LIGO-VIRGO third run data. The string network undergoes about 30 $e$-foldings of inflation which suppresses the spectrum in the LIGO-VIRGO frequency range. With the symmetry breaking chain $SU(5)\times U(1{)}_X\to SU(3{)}_c\times SU(2{)}_L\times U(1{)}_Z\times U(1{)}_X\to SU(3{)}_c\times SU(2{)}_L\times U(1{)}_Y$, the estimated proton lifetime is of order $10^{36}-10^{37}$ yrs.

Revised version accepted for publication in JCAP

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• Enhancement of gravitational waves at Q-ball decay including non-linear density perturbations
• Probing Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background from $SU(5)\times U(1{)}_{\chi }$ Strings in Light of NANOGrav 15-Year Data
• Revised bounds on local cosmic strings from NANOGrav observations
• PeV-Scale SUSY and Cosmic Strings from F-term Hybrid Inflation
• Revisiting Metastable Cosmic String Breaking
• Topological structures, dark matter and gravitational waves in $E_6$
• Quantum tunneling in the early universe: Stable magnetic monopoles from metastable cosmic strings
• Constraining the history of reheating with the NANOGrav 15-year data
• Kinetic Mixing, Proton Decay and Gravitational Waves in SO(10)
• Superheavy Metastable Strings in SO(10)
• C-parity, magnetic monopoles and higher frequency gravitational waves
• Gravitational Waves from Metastable Cosmic Strings in Supersymmetric New Inflation Model
• Gravitational Waves of GUT Phase Transition during Inflation
• Inflation, Proton Decay and Gravitational Waves from Metastable Strings in $SU(4{)}_C\times SU(2{)}_L\times U(1{)}_R$ Model
• Supersymmetric hybrid inflation and current-carrying metastable cosmic strings in $SU(4{)}_c\times SU(2{)}_L\times U(1{)}_R$
• Connecting Inflation to the NANOGrav 15-year Data Set via Massive Gravity
• Complementary signatures of $\alpha -$attractor inflation in CMB and cosmic string Gravitational Waves
• Metastable cosmic strings are broken at the start
• Superconducting Strings in $E_6$