Cosmological Constraints from Galaxy Clusters and Groups in the eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey

Abstract

We present the first cosmological study of a sample of $eROSITA$ clusters, which were identified in the $eROSITA$ Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS). In a joint selection on X-ray and optical observables, the sample contains $455$ clusters within a redshift range of $0.1<z<1.2$, of which $177$ systems are covered by the public data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey that enables uniform weak-lensing cluster mass constraints. With minimal assumptions, at each cluster redshift $z$ we empirically model (1) the scaling relations between the cluster halo mass and the observables, which include the X-ray count rate, the optical richness, and the weak-lensing mass, and (2) the X-ray selection in terms of the completeness function $\mathtt{C}$. Using the richness distribution of the clusters, we directly measure the X-ray completeness and adopt those measurements as informative priors for the parameters of $\mathtt{C}$. In a blinded analysis, we obtain the cosmological constraints ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{m}}=0.245_{-0.058}^{+0.048}$, ${\sigma }_8=0.833_{-0.063}^{+0.075}$ and $S_8\equiv {\sigma }_8{\left({\Omega }_{\mathrm{m}}/0.3\right)}^{0.3}=0.791_{-0.031}^{+0.028}$ in a flat $\Lambda$CDM cosmology. Extending to a flat $w$CDM cosmology leads to the constraint on the equation of state parameter of the dark energy of $w=-1.25\pm 0.47$. The eFEDS constraints are in good agreement with the results from the $Planck$ mission, the galaxy-galaxy lensing and clustering analysis of the Dark Energy Survey, and the cluster abundance analysis of the SPT-SZ survey at a level of $\lesssim 1\sigma$. With the empirical modelling, this work presents the first fully self-consistent cosmological constraints based on a synergy between wide-field X-ray and weak lensing surveys.

Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Figures 18 and 19 contain the main results. Chains and cluster masses are at https://github.com/inonchiu/eFEDSproducts

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