A measurement of the mean central optical depth of galaxy clusters via the pairwise kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect with SPT-3G and DES

Abstract

We infer the mean optical depth of a sample of optically-selected galaxy clusters from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) via the pairwise kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect. The pairwise kSZ signal between pairs of clusters drawn from the DES Year-3 cluster catalog is detected at $4.1\sigma$ in cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature maps from two years of observations with the SPT-3G camera on the South Pole Telescope. After cuts, there are 24,580 clusters in the $\sim 1,400$ deg${}^2$ of the southern sky observed by both experiments. We infer the mean optical depth of the cluster sample with two techniques. The optical depth inferred from the pairwise kSZ signal is ${\bar{\tau }}_e=(2.97\pm 0.73)\times 10^{-3}$, while that inferred from the thermal SZ signal is ${\bar{\tau }}_e=(2.51\pm 0.55^{\text{stat}}\pm 0.15^{\mathrm{syst}})\times 10^{-3}$. The two measures agree at $0.6\sigma$. We perform a suite of systematic checks to test the robustness of the analysis.

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