Probing the progenitor of high-$z$ short-duration GRB 201221D and its possible bulk acceleration in prompt emission

Abstract

The growing observed evidence shows that the long- and short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) originate from massive star core-collapse and the merger of compact stars, respectively. GRB 201221D is a short-duration GRB lasting $\sim 0.1$ s without extended emission (EE) at high redshift $z=1.046$. By analyzing data observed with the Swift/BAT and Fermi/GBM, we find that a cutoff power-law model can adequately fit the spectrum with a soft $E_{\mathrm{p}}=113_{-7}^{+9}$ keV, and isotropic energy $E_{\gamma ,iso}=1.36_{-0.14}^{+0.17}\times 10^{51}\mathrm{erg}$. In order to reveal the possible physical origin of GRB 201221D, we adopted multi-wavelength criteria (e.g., Amati relation, $\epsilon$-parameter, amplitude parameter, local event rate density, luminosity function, and properties of the host galaxy), and find that most of the observations of GRB 201221D favor a compact star merger origin. Moreover, we find that $\hat{\alpha }$ is larger than $2+\hat{\beta }$ in the prompt emission phase which suggests that the emission region is possibly undergoing acceleration during the prompt emission phase with a Poynting-flux-dominated jet.

arXiv comment15 pages, 3 tables, 11 Figures. Accepted for published in RAA

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