Evidence of extended emission in GRB 181123B and other high-redshift short GRBs

Abstract

We study the high-energy properties of GRB 181123B, a short gamma-ray burst (sGRB) at redshift $z\approx$1.75. We show that, despite its nominal short duration with $T_{90}<$2 s, this burst displays evidence of a temporally extended emission (EE) at high energies and that the same trend is observed in the majority of sGRBs at $z\gtrsim$1. We discuss the impact of instrumental selection effects on the GRB classification, stressing that the measured $T_{90}$ is not an unambiguous indicator of the burst physical origin. By examining their environment (e.g. stellar mass, star formation, offset distribution), we find that these high-$z$ sGRBs share many properties of long GRBs at a similar distance and are consistent with a short-lived progenitor system. If produced by compact binary mergers, these sGRBs with EE may be easier to localize at large distances and herald a larger population of sGRBs in the early universe.

10 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. ApJ Letters, in press

References in corpus (43)

• Gravitational Waves and Gamma-rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A
• The Supernova -- Gamma-Ray Burst Connection
• An online repository of Swift/XRT light curves of GRBs
• Gamma-Ray Bursts: Progress, Problems & Prospects
• Identification of strontium in the merger of two neutron stars
• Discerning the physical origins of cosmological Gamma-ray bursts based on multiple observational criteria: the cases of z=6.7 GRB 080913, z=8.3 GRB 090423, and some short/hard GRBs
• The Fourth Fermi-GBM Gamma-Ray Burst Catalog: A Decade of Data
• The rate, luminosity function and time delay of non-Collapsar short GRBs
• Fallback accretion in the aftermath of a compact binary merger
• Short versus Long Gamma-Ray Bursts: spectra, energetics, and luminosities
• Jet Breaks in Short Gamma-Ray Bursts. II: The Collimated Afterglow of GRB 051221A
• The properties of merging black holes and neutron stars across cosmic time
• A complete sample of bright Swift short Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Different progenitors of short hard gamma-ray bursts
• Short GRBs at the dawn of the gravitational wave era
• A thousand days after the merger: continued X-ray emission from GW170817
• Searching for Electromagnetic Counterparts to Gravitational-wave Merger Events with the Prototype Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO-4)
• The X-ray fundamental plane of the Platinum Sample, the Kilonovae and the SNe Ib/c associated with GRBs
• Are LGRBs biased tracers of star formation? Clues from the host galaxies of the $Swift$/BAT6 complete sample of bright LGRBs III: Stellar masses, star formation rates and metallicities at $z>1$
• The optical afterglows and host galaxies of three short/hard gamma-ray bursts
• Supernova Fallback: A Possible Site for the r-Process
• Electrons' energy in GRB afterglows implied by radio peaks
• A new type of long gamma--ray burst
• r-process Production Sites as inferred from Eu Abundances in Dwarf Galaxies
• Natal Kicks and Time Delays in Merging Neutron Star Binaries - Implications for r-process nucleosynthesis in Ultra Faint Dwarfs and in the Milky Way
• Enrichment history of r-process elements shaped by a merger of neutron star pairs
• Clustering of LAT light curves: a clue to the origin of high-energy emission in Gamma-Ray Bursts
• GRB 060121: Implications of a Short/Intermediate Duration Gamma-Ray Burst at High Redshift
• An Unambiguous Separation of Gamma-Ray Bursts into Two Classes from Prompt Emission Alone
• Bimodal Long-Lasting Components in Short Gamma-Ray Bursts: Promising Electromagnetic Counterparts to Neutron Star Binary Mergers
• Gravitational waves or deconfined quarks: what causes the premature collapse of neutron stars born in short gamma-ray bursts?
• Imprints of r-process heating on fall-back accretion: distinguishing black hole-neutron star from double neutron star mergers
• Localized FRBs are Consistent with Magnetar Progenitors Formed in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Constraints on the circumburst environments of short gamma-ray bursts
• A tale of two mergers: constraints on kilonova detection in two short GRBs at z$\sim$0.5
• Searching for the radio remnants of short duration gamma-ray bursts
• Discovery of the optical afterglow and host galaxy of short GRB181123B at $z=1.754$: Implications for Delay Time Distributions
• A multi-wavelength analysis of a collection of short-duration GRBs observed between 2012-2015
• Modeling Synchrotron Self-Compton and Klein-Nishina Effects in Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
• Classification of Photospheric Emission in Short GRBs
• Detailed Iron-Peak Element Abundances in Three Very Metal-Poor Stars
• A Comparative Study of Long and Short GRBs. II. A Multi-wavelength Method to distinguish Type II (massive star) and Type I (compact star) GRBs
• Constraining Delay Time Distribution of Binary Neutron Star Mergers from Host Galaxy Properties

Cited by in corpus (16)

• A deep survey of short GRB host galaxies over $z\sim 0-2$: implications for offsets, redshifts, and environments
• The Optical Two and Three-Dimensional Fundamental Plane Correlations for Nearly 180 Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows with Swift/UVOT, RATIR, and the SUBARU Telescope
• DDOTI Observations of Gravitational-Wave Sources Discovered in O3
• Constraints on the electromagnetic counterpart of the Neutron Star Black Hole merger GW200115
• A Stochastic Approach To Reconstruct Gamma Ray Burst Lightcurves
• Instrumental Tip-of-the-iceberg Effects on the Prompt Emission of Swift/BAT Gamma-ray Bursts
• Eighteen Years of Kilonova Discoveries with Swift
• Identification of Extended Emission Gamma-Ray-Bursts Candidates using Machine Learning
• GRB Optical and X-ray Plateau Properties Classifier Using Unsupervised Machine Learning
• Optical darkness in short-duration $\gamma$-ray bursts
• GRB 241105A: A test case for GRB classification and rapid r-process nucleosynthesis channels
• Probing the progenitor of high-$z$ short-duration GRB 201221D and its possible bulk acceleration in prompt emission
• Distribution of gamma-ray bursts on the t90-hardness ratio plane and their classification revisited
• Gamma-ray burst taxonomy: looking for the third class on the spectral peak energy-duration plane in the rest frame
• Exploring the connection between compact object mergers and fast X-ray transients: The cases of LXT 240402A and EP250207b
• GRB 160410A: the first Chemical Study of the Interstellar Medium of a Short GRB