Droplet collapse during strongly supercooled transitions

Abstract

We simulate the decay of isolated, spherically symmetric droplets in a cosmological phase transition. It has long been posited that such heated droplets of the metastable state could form, and they have recently been observed in 3D multi-bubble simulations. In those simulations, the droplets were associated with a reduction in the wall velocity and a decrease in the kinetic energy of the fluid, with a consequent suppression in the gravitational wave power spectrum. In the present work, we track the wall speed and kinetic energy production in isolated droplets and compare them to those found in multi-bubble collisions. The late-time wall velocities that we observe match those of the 3D simulations, though we find that the spherical simulations are a poor predictor of the kinetic energy production. This implies that spherically symmetric simulations could be used to refine baryogenesis predictions due to the formation of droplets, but not to estimate any accompanying suppression of the gravitational wave signal.

15 pages, 11 figures; v2: some typos corrected, clarifications added to main text, two new appendices, published in PRD

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Cited by in corpus (9)

• Cosmological phase transitions: from perturbative particle physics to gravitational waves
• Gravitational waves from bubble collisions and fluid motion in strongly supercooled phase transitions
• Supercool subtleties of cosmological phase transitions
• Higgsless simulations of cosmological phase transitions and gravitational waves
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