Dark Energy at early times and ACT: a larger Hubble constant without late-time priors

Abstract

In this paper we fit two models of Early Dark Energy (EDE) (an increase in the expansion rate before recombination) to the combination of Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) with data from either the WMAP or the Planck satellite, along with measurements of the baryon acoustic oscillations and uncalibrated supernovae luminosity distance. We study a phenomenological axion-like potential ('axEDE') and a scalar field experiencing a first-order phase-transition ('NEDE'). We find that for both models the 'Planck-free' analysis yields non-zero EDE at > 2 sigma and an increased value for $H_0\sim 70-74$ km/s/Mpc, compatible with local measurements, without the inclusion of any prior on $H_0$. On the other hand, the inclusion of Planck data restricts the EDE contribution to an upper-limit only at 95% C.L. For axEDE, the combination of Planck and ACT leads to constraints 30% weaker than with Planck alone, and there is no residual Hubble tension. On the other hand, NEDE is more strongly constrained in a Planck+ACT analysis, and the Hubble tension remains at $\sim 3\sigma$, illustrating the ability for CMB data to distinguish between EDE models. We explore the apparent inconsistency between the Planck and ACT data and find that it comes (mostly) from a slight tension between the temperature power spectrum at multipoles around $\sim 1000$ and $\sim 1500$. Finally, through a mock analysis of ACT data, we demonstrate that the preference for EDE is not driven by a lack of information at high-$\ell$ when removing Planck data, and that a LCDM fit to the fiducial EDE cosmology results in a significant bias on $\{H_0,{\omega }_{\mathrm{cdm}}\}$. More accurate measurements of the TT power spectra above $\ell \sim 2500$ and EE between $\ell \sim 300-500$ will play a crucial role in differentiating EDE models.

arXiv comment20 pages, 15 figures, comments welcome; v2: corrected minor typos, added references, updated results and discussion of NEDE, new appendices on ACT vs. ACT+WMAP residuals and the chi-squared per experiment; conclusions unchanged

References in corpus (81)

• Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters
• Efficient Computation of CMB anisotropies in closed FRW models
• Cosmological parameters from CMB and other data: a Monte-Carlo approach
• The clustering of galaxies in the completed SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: cosmological analysis of the DR12 galaxy sample
• The Complete Light-curve Sample of Spectroscopically Confirmed Type Ia Supernovae from Pan-STARRS1 and Cosmological Constraints from The Combined Pantheon Sample
• The 6dF Galaxy Survey: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and the Local Hubble Constant
• Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Final Maps and Results
• The Cosmic Linear Anisotropy Solving System (CLASS) II: Approximation schemes
• In the Realm of the Hubble tension $-$ a Review of Solutions
• The Clustering of the SDSS DR7 Main Galaxy Sample I: A 4 per cent Distance Measure at z=0.15
• The Simons Observatory: Science goals and forecasts
• The Completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Cosmological Implications from two Decades of Spectroscopic Surveys at the Apache Point observatory
• Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Cosmological Constraints from Galaxy Clustering and Weak Lensing
• Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Cosmological Constraints from Galaxy Clustering and Weak Lensing
• Tensions between the Early and the Late Universe
• Revising the Halofit Model for the Nonlinear Matter Power Spectrum
• Planck 2018 results. V. CMB power spectra and likelihoods
• Early Dark Energy Can Resolve The Hubble Tension
• The Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program. VIII. An Independent Determination of the Hubble Constant Based on the Tip of the Red Giant Branch
• Cosmic Distances Calibrated to 1% Precision with Gaia EDR3 Parallaxes and Hubble Space Telescope Photometry of 75 Milky Way Cepheids Confirm Tension with LambdaCDM
• KiDS-1000 Cosmology: Multi-probe weak gravitational lensing and spectroscopic galaxy clustering constraints
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR4 Maps and Cosmological Parameters
• Efficient sampling of fast and slow cosmological parameters
• Measurements of the Hubble Constant: Tensions in Perspective
• Cosmological Parameters from the BOSS Galaxy Power Spectrum
• Calibration of the Tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB)
• Early dark energy, the Hubble-parameter tension, and the string axiverse
• Oscillating scalar fields and the Hubble tension: a resolution with novel signatures
• KiDS+VIKING-450: Cosmic shear tomography with optical+infrared data
• Interacting dark energy in the early 2020s: a promising solution to the $H_0$ and cosmic shear tensions
• Early Dark Energy Does Not Restore Cosmological Concordance
• Cosmological implications of ultra-light axion-like fields
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background Power Spectra at 98 and 150 GHz
• To H0 or not to H0?
• Early dark energy from massive neutrinos -- a natural resolution of the Hubble tension
• Phenomenological parameterization of quintessence
• Acoustic Dark Energy: Potential Conversion of the Hubble Tension
• Constraining Early Dark Energy with Large-Scale Structure
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: The polarization-sensitive ACTPol instrument
• Resolving the Hubble Tension with New Early Dark Energy
• New Early Dark Energy
• Eppur è piatto? The cosmic chronometer take on spatial curvature and cosmic concordance
• Quantifying discordance in the 2015 Planck CMB spectrum
• Why reducing the cosmic sound horizon alone can not fully resolve the Hubble tension
• On the use of the local prior on the absolute magnitude of Type Ia supernovae in cosmological inference
• Can Late Dark Energy Transitions Raise the Hubble constant?
• Measurements of the Temperature and E-Mode Polarization of the CMB from 500 Square Degrees of SPTpol Data
• Early dark energy is not excluded by current large-scale structure data
• Interacting Dark Sector and Precision Cosmology
• KiDS+VIKING-450 and DES-Y1 combined: Cosmology with cosmic shear
• An efficient implementation of massive neutrinos in non-linear structure formation simulations
• Evidence for dark matter interactions in cosmological precision data?
• The Hubble Tension in Light of the Full-Shape Analysis of Large-Scale Structure Data
• Early dark energy resolution to the Hubble tension in light of weak lensing surveys and lensing anomalies
• Dark energy from the string axiverse
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Constraints on Pre-Recombination Early Dark Energy
• Unified framework for Early Dark Energy from $\alpha$-attractors
• Quintessence and the Separation of CMB Peaks
• The Parallax of Omega Centauri Measured from Gaia EDR3 and a Direct, Geometric Calibration of the Tip of the Red Giant Branch and the Hubble Constant
• Comparing Tip of the Red Giant Branch Distance Scales: An Independent Reduction of the Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program and the Value of the Hubble Constant
• Implications for the Hubble tension from the ages of the oldest astrophysical objects
• Constraining Dark Matter -- Dark Radiation interactions with CMB, BAO, and Lyman-$\alpha$
• Inferring the Age of the Universe with Globular Clusters
• Reconstructing Gravity on Cosmological Scales
• Constraints on $\Lambda$CDM Extensions from the SPT-3G 2018 $EE$ and $TE$ Power Spectra
• New Early Dark Energy is compatible with current LSS data
• Clustering and Halo Abundances in Early Dark Energy Cosmological Models
• Dark Sector to Restore Cosmological Concordance
• Early mass varying neutrino dark energy: Nugget formation and Hubble anomaly
• The trouble beyond $H_0$ and the new cosmic triangles
• Testing H0 in Acoustic Dark Energy Models with Planck and ACT Polarization
• The Age of the Universe with Globular Clusters: Reducing Systematic Uncertainties
• Uncertain Times: The Redshift-Time Relation from Cosmology and Stars
• Early Cosmology Constrained
• Cannibalism hinders growth: Cannibal Dark Matter and the $S_8$ tension
• Cannibal Dark Matter and Large Scale Structure
• On the halo-mass and radial scale dependence of the lensing is low effect
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Summary of DR4 and DR5 Data Products and Data Access
• High $H_0$ Values from CMB E-mode Data: A Clue for Resolving the Hubble Tension?
• Assessing Consistency Between WMAP 9-year and Planck 2015 Temperature Power Spectra
• Implications of the $S_8$ tension for decaying dark matter with warm decay products

Cited by in corpus (74)

• A Comprehensive Measurement of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant with 1 km/s/Mpc Uncertainty from the Hubble Space Telescope and the SH0ES Team
• Challenges for $\Lambda$CDM: An update
• Seven hints that early-time new physics alone is not sufficient to solve the Hubble tension
• The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics
• New constraint on Early Dark Energy from Planck and BOSS data using the profile likelihood
• Restoring cosmological concordance with early dark energy and massive neutrinos?
• Hints of Early Dark Energy in Planck, SPT, and ACT data: new physics or systematics?
• Late-transition vs smooth $H(z)$ deformation models for the resolution of the Hubble crisis
• A fast test to assess the impact of marginalization in Monte Carlo analyses, and its application to cosmology
• Towards early dark energy and $n_s$=1 with Planck, ACT and SPT
• Updated constraints from the effective field theory analysis of BOSS power spectrum on Early Dark Energy
• The Early Dark Sector, the Hubble Tension, and the Swampland
• Coupled and uncoupled early dark energy, massive neutrinos and the cosmological tensions
• Isotropic cosmic birefringence from early dark energy
• Hot New Early Dark Energy
• Health checkup test of the standard cosmological model in view of recent Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies experiments
• Towards hybrid inflation with $n_s=1$ in light of Hubble tension and primordial gravitational waves
• Determining the Hubble Constant without the Sound Horizon: A $3.6\%$ Constraint on $H_0$ from Galaxy Surveys, CMB Lensing and Supernovae
• Return of Harrison-Zeldovich spectrum in light of recent cosmological tensions
• Constraints on Pre-Recombination Early Dark Energy from SPT-3G Public Data
• One spectrum to cure them all: Signature from early Universe solves major anomalies and tensions in cosmology
• Hot New Early Dark Energy: Towards a Unified Dark Sector of Neutrinos, Dark Energy and Dark Matter
• Determining the Hubble Constant without the Sound Horizon: Perspectives with Future Galaxy Surveys
• Cosmological implications of $n_s\approx 1$ in light of the Hubble tension
• Cosmology Intertwined: A Review of the Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Associated with the Cosmological Tensions and Anomalies
• Observational constraints on early dark energy
• Testing dark energy after pre-recombination early dark energy
• Constraining the spatial curvature with cosmic expansion history in a cosmological model with a non-standard sound horizon
• Microphysics of Early Dark Energy
• A grounded perspective on New Early Dark Energy using ACT, SPT, and BICEP/Keck
• Multiple transitions in vacuum dark energy and $H_0$ tension
• Early Dark Energy in Type IIB String Theory
• Profiling Cold New Early Dark Energy
• Probing Early Modification of Gravity with Planck, ACT and SPT
• Dark energy by natural evolution: Constraining dark energy using Approximate Bayesian Computation
• Thermal Friction as a Solution to the Hubble and Large-Scale Structure Tensions
• On the consistency of $\Lambda$CDM with CMB measurements in light of the latest Planck, ACT, and SPT data
• Probing neutrino interactions and dark radiation with gravitational waves
• Improved constraint on primordial gravitational waves in light of the Hubble tension and BICEP/Keck
• Questioning the $H_0$ tension via the look-back time
• Cascading Dark Energy
• A critical discussion on the $H_0$ tension
• Testing the $n_s-H_0$ scaling relation with Planck-independent CMB data
• New Early Dark Energy as a solution to the $H_0$ and $S_8$ tensions
• Constraining constant and tomographic coupled dark energy with low-redshift and high-redshift probes
• Pseudoscalar sterile neutrino self-interactions in light of Planck, SPT and ACT data
• Dark Energy from Inspiraling in Field Space
• Towards alleviating the $H_0$ and $S_8$ tensions with Early Dark Energy - Dark Matter drag
• Bayesian analysis of a Unified Dark Matter model with transition: can it alleviate the $H_0$ tension?
• Hubble distancing: Focusing on distance measurements in cosmology
• Early dark energy constraints with late-time expansion marginalization
• Does the fraction of dark matter diminish with early dark energy?
• Lensing impact on cosmic relics and tensions
• Do we need wavelets in the late Universe?
• Decay of $f(R)$ quintessence into dark matter: mitigating the Hubble tension?
• Scaling solutions as Early Dark Energy resolutions to the Hubble tension
• Can Early Dark Energy be Probed by the High-Redshift Galaxy Abundance?
• Late-time Background Constraints on Linear and Non-linear Interacting Dark Energy after DESI DR2
• Revisiting CPL with sign-switching density: To cross or not to cross the NECB
• Mirror Dark Sector Solution of the Hubble Tension with Time-varying Fine-structure Constant
• Exact general solutions for cosmological scalar field evolution in a background-dominated expansion
• Can acoustic and axion-like early dark energy still resolve the Hubble tension?
• Chameleon Early Dark Energy and the Hubble Tension
• One Extension to Explain Them All, One Scale-Invariant Spectrum to Test Them All, and in One Model Bind Them
• Another look on the connections of Hubble tension with the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
• Can radial motions in the stellar halo constrain the rate of change of mass in the Galaxy?
• Sound Horizon Independent Constraints on Early Dark Energy: The Role of Supernova Data
• Structure Formation in Dark Matter Particle Production Cosmology
• $\Lambda$CDM and early dark energy in latent space: a data-driven parametrization of the CMB temperature power spectrum
• Improving CMB constraints on early Universe physics with LSS: A multi-probe forecast including cross-covariance
• New tests of dark sector interactions from the full-shape galaxy power spectrum
• A step in the right direction? Analyzing the Wess Zumino Dark Radiation solution to the Hubble tension
• Cosmological "constant" in a universe born in the metastable false vacuum state
• An effective fluid description of scalar-vector-tensor theories under the sub-horizon and quasi-static approximations