Superconductivity at 253 K in lanthanum-yttrium ternary hydrides

Abstract

Polyhydrides offer intriguing perspectives as high-temperature superconductors. Here we report the high-pressure synthesis of a series of lanthanum-yttrium ternary hydrides: cubic hexahydride $(La,Y)H_6$ with a critical temperature $T_C$ = 237 +/- 5 K and decahydrides $(La,Y)H_{10}$ with a maximum $T_C$ ~$253K$ and an extrapolated upper critical magnetic field $B_{C2(0)}$ up to $135T$ at 183 GPa. This is one of the first examples of ternary high-$T_C$ superconducting hydrides. Our experiments show that a part of the atoms in the structures of recently discovered $Im3m$-$Y{H}_6$ and $Fm3m$-$La{H}_{10}$ can be replaced with lanthanum (~70 %) and yttrium (~25 %), respectively, with a formation of unique ternary superhydrides containing incorporated $La@H_{24}$ and $Y@H_{32}$ which are specific for $Im3m$-$La{H}_6$ and $Fm3m$-$Y{H}_{10}$. Ternary La-Y hydrides were obtained at pressures of 170-196 GPa via the laser heating of $P{6}_3$$/mmc$ lanthanum-yttrium alloys in the ammonia borane medium at temperatures above 2000 K. A novel tetragonal $(La,Y)H_4$ was discovered as an impurity phase in synthesized cubic $(La,Y)H_6$. The current-voltage measurements show that the critical current density $J_C$ in $(La,Y)H_{10}$ may exceed $2500A/m{m}^2$ at 4.2 K, which is comparable with that for commercial superconducting wires such as $NbTi$, $N{b}_3$$Sn$. Hydrides that are unstable in a pure form may nevertheless be stabilized at relatively low pressures in solid solutions with superhydrides having the same structure.

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