High-temperature superconductivity in hydrides: experimental evidence and details

Abstract

Since the discovery of superconductivity at 200 K in H3S [1] similar or higher transition temperatures, Tcs, have been reported for various hydrogen-rich compounds under ultra-high pressures [2]. Superconductivity was experimentally proved by different methods, including electrical resistance, magnetic susceptibility, optical infrared, and nuclear resonant scattering measurements. The crystal structures of superconducting phases were determined by X-ray diffraction. Numerous electrical transport measurements demonstrate the typical behaviour of a conventional phonon-mediated superconductor: zero resistance below Tc, the shift of Tc to lower temperatures under external magnetic fields, and pronounced isotope effect. Remarkably, the results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions, which describe superconductivity in hydrides within the framework of the conventional BCS theory. However, despite this acknowledgment, experimental evidence for the superconducting state in these compounds has recently been treated with criticism [3, 4], which apparently stems from misunderstanding and misinterpretation of complicated experiments performed under very high pressures. Here, we describe in greater detail the experiments revealing high-temperature superconductivity in hydrides under high pressures. We show that the arguments against superconductivity [3, 4] can be either refuted or explained. The experiments on the high-temperature superconductivity in hydrides clearly contradict the theory of hole superconductivity [4] and eliminate it [3].

References in corpus (36)

• Conventional superconductivity at 203 K at high pressures
• Superconductivity at 250 K in lanthanum hydride under high pressures
• Evidence for superconductivity above 260 K in lanthanum superhydride at megabar pressures
• Boron Isotope Effect in Superconducting MgB${}_2$
• Crystal Structure of 200 K-Superconducting Phase of Sulfur Hydride System
• A Perspective on Conventional High-Temperature Superconductors at High Pressure: Methods and Materials
• Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Superconducting $M{g}^{10}{B}_2$
• Anomalous high-temperature superconductivity in YH${}_6$
• Exploration of new superconductors and functional materials and fabrication of superconducting tapes and wires of iron pnictides
• Superconductivity at 253 K in lanthanum-yttrium ternary hydrides
• High-Temperature Superconductivity in Cerium Superhydrides
• Spectroscopy of H${}_3$S: evidence of a new energy scale for superconductivity
• Superconducting Phase-Diagram of H3S under High Magnetic Fields
• High-temperature superconductivity on the verge of a structural instability in lanthanum superhydride
• Direct Meissner Effect Observation of Superconductivity in Compressed H2S
• Nonstandard superconductivity or no superconductivity in hydrides under high pressure
• Superconductivity up to 243 K in yttrium hydrides under high pressure
• Conventional superconductivity at 190 K at high pressures
• Anomalous behavior in high-pressure carbonaceous sulfur hydride
• Superconductivity of Pure H3S Synthesis from Elemental Sulfur and Hydrogen
• Absence of high temperature superconductivity in hydrides under pressure
• Absence of conventional room temperature superconductivity at high pressure in carbon doped H${}_3$S
• Absence of magnetic evidence for superconductivity in hydrides under high pressure
• Magnetization asymmetry of type-II superconductors in high magnetic fields
• Hole superconductivity in $H_{2}S$ and other sulfides under high pressure
• Meissner effect in nonstandard superconductors
• The pair-breaking critical current density of magnesium diboride
• Missing theoretical evidence for conventional room temperature superconductivity in low enthalpy structures of carbonaceous sulfur hydrides
• Meissner-London susceptibility of superconducting right circular cylinders in an axial magnetic field
• Meissner-London state in anisotropic superconductors of cuboidal shape
• Flux trapping in superconducting hydrides under high pressure
• Clear evidence against superconductivity in hydrides under high pressure
• Metallic Hydrogen Sublattice and Proton Mobility in Copper Hydride at High Pressure
• Unexpected stable stoichiometries of sodium chlorides
• Testing V3Si for two-band superconductivity
• Intrinsic hysteresis in the presumed superconducting transition of hydrides under high pressure

Cited by in corpus (20)

• Imaging the Meissner effect and flux trapping in a hydride superconductor at megabar pressures using a nanoscale quantum sensor
• Trapped magnetic flux in hydrogen-rich high-temperature superconductors
• Room Temperature Superconductivity: the Roles of Theory and Materials Design
• Evidence against superconductivity in flux trapping experiments on hydrides under high pressure & On magnetic field screening and expulsion in hydride superconductors
• Machine-learning approach for discovery of conventional superconductors
• Clear evidence against superconductivity in hydrides under high pressure
• Data-driven Design of High Pressure Hydride Superconductors using DFT and Deep Learning
• Universal Fermi velocity in highly compressed hydride superconductors
• Hydride superconductivity: here to stay
• Many-Body Quantum Muon Effects and Quadrupolar Coupling in Solids
• Broadening of In-Field Superconducting Transitions in Hydrides
• On the trapped magnetic moment in type-II superconductors
• Hydrogen in superconductors
• Cuprate Twistronics for Quantum Hardware
• Trapped flux in a small crystal of CaKFe${}_4$As${}_4$ at ambient pressure and in a diamond anvil pressure cell
• On the analysis of the tin-inside-H3S Mössbauer experiment
• Superconductor discovery in the emerging paradigm of Materials Informatics
• Hydride superconductivity: here to stay, or to lead astray and soon go away?
• The Isotope Effect and Critical Magnetic Fields of Superconducting YH${}_6$: A Migdal-Eliashberg Theory Approach
• High-pressure magnetic transition in iron observed via diamond quantum sensing