Generalized hydrodynamics in strongly interacting 1D Bose gases

Abstract

The dynamics of strongly interacting many-body quantum systems are notoriously complex and difficult to simulate. A new theory, generalized hydrodynamics (GHD), promises to efficiently accomplish such simulations for nearly-integrable systems. It predicts the evolution of the distribution of rapidities, which are the momenta of the quasiparticles in integrable systems. GHD was recently tested experimentally for weakly interacting atoms, but its applicability to strongly interacting systems has not been experimentally established. Here we test GHD with bundles of one-dimensional (1D) Bose gases by performing large trap quenches in both the strong and intermediate coupling regimes. We measure the evolving distribution of rapidities, and find that theory and experiment agree well over dozens of trap oscillations, for average dimensionless coupling strengths that range from 0.3 to 9.3. By also measuring momentum distributions, we gain experimental access to the interaction energy and thus to how the quasiparticles themselves evolve. The accuracy of GHD demonstrated here confirms its wide applicability to the simulation of nearly-integrable quantum dynamical systems. Future experimental studies are needed to explore GHD in spin chains, as well as the crossover between GHD and regular hydrodynamics in the presence of stronger integrability breaking perturbations.

21 pages, 4 main text figures, 10 extended data figures

References in corpus (7)

• A one-dimensional liquid of fermions with tunable spin
• Exact coherent states of a harmonically confined Tonks-Girardeau gas
• Generalized hydrodynamics in strongly interacting 1D Bose gases
• Fermionization in an expanding 1D gas of hard-core bosons
• Thermalisation of a trapped one-dimensional Bose gas via diffusion
• The effect of atom losses on the distribution of rapidities in the one-dimensional Bose gas
• Hydrodynamic VS collisionless dynamics of a 1D harmonically trapped Bose gas

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