Transport in Out-of-Equilibrium XXZ Chains: Exact Profiles of Charges and Currents

Abstract

We consider the non-equilibrium time evolution of piecewise homogeneous states in the XXZ spin-1/2 chain, a paradigmatic example of an interacting integrable model. The initial state can be thought as the result of joining chains with different global properties. Through dephasing, at late times the state becomes locally equivalent to a stationary state which explicitly depends on position and time. We propose a kinetic theory of elementary excitations and derive a continuity equation which fully characterizes the thermodynamics of the model. We restrict ourselves to the gapless phase and consider cases where the chains are prepared: 1) at different temperatures; 2) in the ground state of two different models; 3) in the "domain wall" state. We find excellent agreement (any discrepancy is within the numerical error) between theoretical predictions and numerical simulations of time evolution based on TEBD algorithms. As a corollary, we unveil an exact expression for the expectation values of the charge currents in a generic stationary state.

6+12 pages, 4+2 figures; as appears in Physical Review Letters; typos in references corrected

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• The spin Drude weight of the spin-1/2 $XXZ$ chain: An analytic finite size study
• Hydrodynamics of the electronic Fermi liquid: a pedagogical overview
• Hydrodynamics of the atomic Bose-Einstein condensate beyond the mean-field approximation: a mini-review
• On Landauer--Büttiker formalism from a quantum quench
• The LeClair-Mussardo series and nested Bethe Ansatz
• Non-equilibrium time evolution in the sine-Gordon model revisited
• Non-linear Transport by Bethe Bound States
• Accuracy of time-dependent GGE under weak dissipation
• Hydrodynamics of a hard-core active lattice gas
• Dynamical separation of charge and energy transport in one-dimensional Mott insulators
• Experimental Investigation of a Bipartite Quench in a 1D Bose gas
• The Theory of Generalised Hydrodynamics for the One-dimensional Bose Gas
• Novel soliton in dipolar BEC caused by the quantum fluctuations
• Integrability and charge transport in asymmetric quantum-circuit geometries
• Emergent Infrared Conformal Dynamics in Strongly Interacting Quantum Gases
• Out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the Kitaev model on the Bethe lattice via coupled Heisenberg equations
• Plasmon localization and relaxation, and thermal transport in one-dimensional conductors
• Energy transport between critical one-dimensional systems with different central charges
• Fractionalization Waves in Two-dimensional Dirac Fermions: Quantum Imprint from One Dimension
• Integrable hydrodynamics of Toda chain: case of small systems
• More on the Operator Space Entanglement (OSE): Rényi OSE, revivals, and integrability breaking
• Transport and integrability-breaking in non-Hermitian many-body quantum systems
• Universality in the tripartite information after global quenches: spin flip and semilocal charges
• Phase-space stochastic quantum hydrodynamics for interacting Bose gases
• Generalized hydrodynamics in complete box-ball system for $U_q({\widehat{sl}}_n)$
• Thouless approach in transport in integrable and perturbed easy-axis Heisenberg chains
• Second-order functional renormalization group approach to quantum wires out of equilibrium
• Diffusion and entanglement in open quantum systems
• Diffusive hydrodynamics of hard rods from microscopics
• Quantum Generalized Hydrodynamics of the Tonks-Girardeau gas: density fluctuations and entanglement entropy
• Ballistic magnetic thermal transport coupled to phonons
• Finding local integrals of motion in quantum lattice models in the thermodynamic limit
• Simulating generalised fluids via interacting wave packets evolution
• Spin Drude weight for the integrable XXZ chain with arbitrary spin
• Emergence of generalized hydrodynamics in the non-local Luttinger model
• Non-Equilibrium Steady State of the Lieb-Liniger model: exact treatment of the Tonks Girardeau limit
• Singular transport in non-equilibrium strongly internal-coupled 1D tilted field spin-1/2 chain
• Thermalization/Relaxation in integrable and free field theories: an Operator Thermalization Hypothesis
• Chapman-Enskog theory and crossover between diffusion and superdiffusion for nearly integrable quantum gases
• Observation of a generalized Gibbs ensemble in photonics
• Ballistic conductance with and without disorder in a boundary-driven XXZ spin chain
• Conserved densities of hard rods: microscopic to hydrodynamic solutions
• Dynamic scaling and Family-Vicsek universality in $SU(N)$ quantum spin chains
• Kinetics of Quantum Reaction-Diffusion systems
• Nonequilibrium dynamics in one-dimensional strongly interacting two-component gases
• Non-Equilibrium Steady State of the Lieb-Liniger model: multiple-integral representation of the time evolved many-body wave-function
• Integrability from a single conservation law in quantum spin chains
• Particle Scattering and Fusion for the Ablowitz-Ladik Chain
• Quantum fluctuating theory for one-dimensional shock waves
• Generalised Hydrodynamics of Particle Creation and Decay
• Quasicondensation and off-diagonal long-range order of hard-core bosons during a free expansion
• Growth of Rényi Entropies in Interacting Integrable Models and the Breakdown of the Quasiparticle Picture
• Dressed excitations, thermodynamics and relaxation in the 1D XXZ Heisenberg model
• Diverging conductance at the contact between random and pure quantum XX spin chains
• Anomalous relaxation of density waves in a ring-exchange system
• A hydrodynamic approach to Stark localization
• Wavelet representation of hardcore bosons
• Cumulants of conserved charges in GGE and cumulants of total transport in GHD: exact summation of matrix elements?
• Anomalous charge transport in the sine-Gordon model
• Tunable superdiffusion in integrable spin chains using correlated initial states
• Dissipative Hot-spot Enabled Shock and Bounce Dynamics via Terahertz Quantum Quenches in Helical Edge States
• Characterizing far from equilibrium states of the one-dimensional nonlinear Schr{ö}dinger equation
• Space-time first-order correlations of an open Bose-Hubbard model with incoherent pump and loss
• On computing non-equilibrium dynamics following a quench
• Fractional diffusion without disorder in two dimensions
• Universal efficiency boost in prethermal quantum heat engines at negative temperature
• Fate of entanglement in quadratic Markovian dissipative systems
• Ballistic propagation of a local impact in the one-dimensional $XY$ model
• Hydrodynamics of spin transport in the Haldane-Shastry chain
• Superdiffusion resilience in Heisenberg Chains with 2D interactions on a quantum processor
• Full counting statistics after quantum quenches as hydrodynamic fluctuations
• Timescales and necessary conditions for hydrodynamization in one-dimensional Bose gases
• Ballistic particle transport and Drude weight in gases
• Thermodynamics and Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid behavior of the quantum 1D hard rod model
• Spin fractionalization and zero modes in the spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ XXZ chain with boundary fields
• On correlation functions in models related to the Temperley-Lieb algebra
• Tails of Instability and Decay: a Hydrodynamic Perspective
• Generalized Hydrodynamics for the Volterra lattice: Ballistic and nonballistic behavior of correlation functions
• Matrix product state simulations of quantum quenches and transport in Coulomb blockaded superconducting devices
• Thermodynamic symmetry resolved entanglement entropies in integrable systems
• Superdiffusive transport in chaotic quantum systems with nodal interactions
• Domain-wall melting and entanglement in free-fermion chains with a band structure
• Entanglement of Stationary States in the Presence of Unstable Quasiparticles
• Hydrodynamic non-linear response of interacting integrable systems
• Slow transport and bound states for spinless fermions with long-range Coulomb interactions on one-dimensional lattices
• Thermalization of dipole oscillations in confined systems by rare collisions
• Generalized Gibbs Ensemble from Eigenstate Entanglement Hamiltonian
• Local Properties of the Rapidity Distribution in the Lieb-Liniger Model
• Noninvertible Kramers-Wannier duality symmetries for the discrete-time quantum Ising chain
• Bound-state confinement after trap-expansion dynamics in integrable systems
• Loop Charges and Fragmentation in Pairwise Difference Conserving Circuits
• Effects of intertube dipole-dipole interactions in nearly integrable one-dimensional ${}^{162}$Dy gases
• Particle-hole origin of thermal beating in dipole-compression modes of a 1D Bose gas
• Inhomogeneous quantum quenches in the sine-Gordon theory
• Entanglement Hamiltonian during a domain wall melting in the free Fermi chain
• Quantum typicality approach to energy flow between two spin-chain domains at different temperatures
• Entanglement dynamics of a hard-core quantum gas during a Joule expansion
• Generalised Gibbs Ensemble for spherically constrained harmonic models
• A diagrammatic approach towards the thermodynamics of integrable systems
• Nonlinear dispersive regularization of inviscid gas dynamics
• Hot band sound
• Integrable fishnet circuits and Brownian solitons
• Non-integrable fermionic chains near criticality
• Anomalous transport in U(1)-symmetric quantum circuits
• Theoretical study on thermalization in isolated quantum systems
• Dynamical correlations of conserved quantities in the one-dimensional equal mass hard particle gas
• Expansion of one-dimensional spinor gases from power-law traps
• Quantum transport in 1D Hubbard model: Drude weights and Seebeck effect
• Lax random matrices from Calogero systems
• Time Evolution of the Symmetry Resolved Entanglement Entropy after a Mass Quench
• Exotic critical states as fractional Fermi seas in the one-dimensional Bose gas
• Inhomogeneous quenches and GHD in the $\nu =1$ QSSEP model
• Macroscopic Quantum States and Universal Correlations in a Disorder-Order Interface Propagating over a 1D Ground State
• Integral formula for the propagator of the one-dimensional Hubbard model