Confinement and lack of thermalization after quenches in the bosonic Schwinger model

Abstract

We excite the vacuum of a relativistic theory of bosons coupled to a $U(1)$ gauge field in 1+1 dimensions (bosonic Schwinger model) out of equilibrium by creating a spatially separated particle-antiparticle pair connected by a string of electric field. During the evolution, we observe a strong confinement of bosons witnessed by the bending of their light cone, reminiscent of what has been observed for the Ising model [Nat. Phys. 13, 246 (2017)]. As a consequence, for the time scales we are able to simulate, the system evades thermalization and generates exotic asymptotic states. These states are made of two disjoint regions, an external deconfined region that seems to thermalize, and an inner core that reveals an area-law saturation of the entanglement entropy.

7+7 pages, 4+11 figures

References in corpus (25)

• The density-matrix renormalization group in the age of matrix product states
• Thermalization and its mechanism for generic isolated quantum systems
• Probing many-body dynamics on a 51-atom quantum simulator
• Many body localization in Heisenberg XXZ magnet in a random field
• Recent progress in many-body localization
• Time-evolving a matrix product state with long-ranged interactions
• Tensor network states and algorithms in the presence of a global U(1) symmetry
• Entanglement entropy for the long range Ising chain
• Many-body localization dynamics from gauge invariance
• Applying matrix product operators to model systems with long-range interactions
• Gauging quantum states: from global to local symmetries in many-body systems
• Tensor Networks for Lattice Gauge Theories with continuous groups
• Quantum simulation of the Schwinger model: A study of feasibility
• Density Induced Phase Transitions in the Schwinger Model: A Study with Matrix Product States
• Entanglement renormalization and gauge symmetry
• Lattice Gauge Tensor Networks
• Efficient Basis Formulation for (1+1)-Dimensional SU(2) Lattice Gauge Theory: Spectral calculations with matrix product states
• Complete devil's staircase and crystal--superfluid transitions in a dipolar XXZ spin chain: A trapped ion quantum simulation
• Holographic Relaxation of Finite Size Isolated Quantum Systems
• Collapse and Revival in Holographic Quenches
• Fractons from confinement in one dimension
• Many-body localization in presence of cavity mediated long-range interactions
• Classification of Matrix Product States with a Local (Gauge) Symmetry
• Holographic Quenches in a Confined Phase
• Lack of thermalization in (1+1)-d QCD at large $N_c$

Cited by in corpus (66)

• Quantum Many-Body Scars and Weak Breaking of Ergodicity
• Simulating Lattice Gauge Theories within Quantum Technologies
• Polynomially filtered exact diagonalization approach to many-body localization
• Many-Body Localization in the Age of Classical Computing
• A resource efficient approach for quantum and classical simulations of gauge theories in particle physics
• Quasilocalized dynamics from confinement of quantum excitations
• False vacuum decay in quantum spin chains
• Real-time dynamics of string breaking in quantum spin chains
• Entanglement Oscillations near a Quantum Critical Point
• Entanglement spreading in non-equilibrium integrable systems
• Collisions of false-vacuum bubble walls in a quantum spin chain
• Scattering of mesons in quantum simulators
• Correlation engineering via non-local dissipation
• Many-body localization of bosons in optical lattice: Dynamics in disorder-free potentials
• Discrete time-crystalline response stabilized by domain-wall confinement
• Scar States in Deconfined ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ Lattice Gauge Theories
• Many-body localization in tilted and harmonic potentials
• Coexistence of localized and extended phases: Many-body localization in a harmonic trap
• Many-body localization transition in large quantum spin chains: The mobility edge
• Bloch oscillations and the lack of the decay of the false vacuum in a one-dimensional quantum spin chain
• SU(2) Gauge Theory in $2+1$ Dimensions on a Plaquette Chain Obeys the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis
• Entanglement dynamics in confining spin chains
• Nonergodic dynamics in disorder-free potentials
• Prethermalisation and Thermalisation in the Entanglement Dynamics
• Real-time scattering in the lattice Schwinger model
• Confinement and bound states of bound states in a transverse-field two-leg Ising ladder
• Atomic Quantum Technologies for Quantum Matter and Fundamental Physics Applications
• Stroboscopic aliasing in long-range interacting quantum systems
• Quenches and confinement in a Heisenberg-Ising spin ladder
• Lattice control of non-ergodicity in a polar lattice gas
• Confinement in the spectrum of a Heisenberg-Ising spin ladder
• Dynamical localization transition of string breaking in quantum spin chains
• Slow dynamics of a mobile impurity interacting with an Anderson insulator
• Entanglement and confinement in lattice gauge theory tensor networks
• Many-body localization in one dimensional optical lattice with speckle disorder
• Bond order via cavity-mediated interactions
• Synthetic ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ gauge theories based on parametric excitations of trapped ions
• Hilbert space fragmentation at the origin of disorder-free localization in the lattice Schwinger model
• Continuum approach to real time dynamics of 1+1D gauge field theory: out of horizon correlations of the Schwinger model
• The Coming Decades of Quantum Simulation
• Out-of-equilibrium scaling behavior arising during round-trip protocols across a quantum first-order transition
• Many-body molecule formation at a domain wall in a one-dimensional strongly interacting ultracold Fermi gas
• Repulsive dynamics of strongly attractive one-dimensional quantum gases
• Many-body localization regime for cavity induced long-range interacting models
• Phase diagram of 1+1D Abelian-Higgs model and its critical point
• A quantum information perspective on meson melting
• The rotor Jackiw-Rebbi model: a cold-atom approach to chiral symmetry restoration and quark confinement
• Fractionalized holes in one-dimensional ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ gauge theory coupled to fermion matter -- deconfined dynamics and emergent integrability
• Spectral properties of critical 1+1D Abelian-Higgs model
• Escaping fronts in local quenches of a confining spin chain
• Tracking locality in time evolution of disordered systems
• Cold atoms meet lattice gauge theory
• String-Breaking Dynamics in Quantum Adiabatic and Diabatic Processes
• Nonergodic dynamics for an impurity interacting with bosons in tilted lattice
• Non-stationarity and Dissipative Time Crystals: Spectral Properties and Finite-Size Effects
• Dynamical deconfinement transition driven by density of excitations
• Dynamics of charge-imbalance-resolved entanglement negativity after a quench in a free-fermion model
• Confinement and false vacuum decay on the Potts quantum spin chain
• Prolegomena to a hybrid classical/Rydberg simulator for hadronization (QuPyth)
• Nonperturbative signatures of fractons in the twisted multiflavor Schwinger Model
• Gapless deconfined phase in a ${\mathbb{Z}}_N$ symmetric Hamiltonian created in a cold-atom setup
• Entanglement in a Maxwell Theory coupled to a non-relativistic particle
• Localization and melting of interfaces in the two-dimensional quantum Ising model
• Meson dynamics from locally exciting a particle-conserving $Z_2$ lattice gauge theory
• Reformulation of gauge theories in terms of gauge invariant fields
• Stability of the symmetry-protected topological phase and Ising transitions in a disordered U(1) quantum link model on a ladder