Collisions of false-vacuum bubble walls in a quantum spin chain
arXiv:2012.07243 · doi:10.1103/PRXQuantum.3.020316
Abstract
We simulate, using nonperturbative methods, the real-time dynamics of small bubbles of "false vacuum" in a quantum spin chain near criticality, where the low-energy physics is described by a relativistic (1+1)-dimensional quantum field theory. We consider bubbles whose walls are kink and antikink quasiparticle excitations, so that wall collisions are kink-antikink scattering events. To construct these bubbles in the presence of strong correlations, we extend a recently proposed matrix product state (MPS) ansatz for quasiparticle wavepackets. We simulate dynamics within a window of about 1000 spins embedded in an infinite chain at energies of up to about 5 times the mass gap. By choosing the wavepacket width and the bubble size appropriately, we avoid strong lattice effects and observe relativistic kink-antikink collisions. We use the MPS quasiparticle ansatz to detect scattering outcomes. (i) In the Ising model, with transverse and longitudinal fields, we do not observe particle production despite nonintegrability (supporting recent observations of nonthermalizing states in this model). (ii) Switching on an additional interaction, we see production of confined and unconfined particle pairs. We characterize the amount of entanglement generated as a function of energy and time and conclude that our classical simulation methods will ultimately fail as these increase. We anticipate that kink-antikink scattering in 1+1 dimensions will be an instructive benchmark problem for future quantum computers and analog quantum simulators.
15 pages, 12 figures (30 pages, 27 figures with appendices). Improved abstract and introduction, added citations, moved some material from the appendices to the main text
References in corpus (60)
- Efficient classical simulation of slightly entangled quantum computations
- Efficient simulation of one-dimensional quantum many-body systems
- An Area Law for One Dimensional Quantum Systems
- Time-dependent variational principle for quantum lattices
- Unifying time evolution and optimization with matrix product states
- Real-time dynamics of lattice gauge theories with a few-qubit quantum computer
- Matrix product states represent ground states faithfully
- Ab-initio Determination of Light Hadron Masses
- Quantum Algorithms for Quantum Field Theories
- Simulating Lattice Gauge Theories within Quantum Technologies
- A class of ansatz wave functions for 1D spin systems and their relation to DMRG
- Real time confinement following a quantum quench to a non-integrable model
- Lattice gauge theories and string dynamics in Rydberg atom quantum simulators
- SU(2) non-Abelian gauge field theory in one dimension on digital quantum computers
- Non-integrable Quantum Field Theories as Perturbations of Certain Integrable Models
- Post-Matrix Product State Methods: To tangent space and beyond
- Tangent-space methods for uniform matrix product states
- U(1) Wilson lattice gauge theories in digital quantum simulators
- Nonthermal states arising from confinement in one and two dimensions
- General Methods for Digital Quantum Simulation of Gauge Theories
- Real-time Dynamics in U(1) Lattice Gauge Theories with Tensor Networks
- Variational matrix product ansatz for dispersion relations
- Quantum Algorithms for Simulating the Lattice Schwinger Model
- Towards analog quantum simulations of lattice gauge theories with trapped ions
- Real Time Dynamics and Confinement in the Schwinger-Weyl lattice model for 1+1 QED
- Digital quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories with dynamical fermionic matter
- Non-Abelian Lattice Gauge Theories in Superconducting Circuits
- Emerging 2D Gauge theories in Rydberg configurable arrays
- Digital quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories in three spatial dimensions
- Quasilocalized dynamics from confinement of quantum excitations
- Non-Abelian string breaking phenomena with Matrix Product States
- Cosmological Aspects of Higgs Vacuum Metastability
- Hamiltonian truncation approach to quenches in the Ising field theory
- Confinement and lack of thermalization after quenches in the bosonic Schwinger model
- Elementary excitations in gapped quantum spin systems
- Real-time simulation of the Schwinger effect with Matrix Product States
- Lattice supersymmetry and order-disorder coexistence in the tricritical Ising model
- Matrix product states and variational methods applied to critical quantum field theory
- Entanglement Oscillations near a Quantum Critical Point
- Numerical Assessment for Accuracy and GPU Acceleration of TD-DMRG Time Evolution Schemes
- Quantum Simulation of the Abelian-Higgs Lattice Gauge Theory with Ultracold Atoms
- Quasiparticle explanation of "weak thermalization" regime under quench in a non-integrable quantum spin chain
- Simulating excitation spectra with projected entangled-pair states
- How to Run Through Walls: Dynamics of Bubble and Soliton Collisions
- Density matrix renormalization group on a cylinder in mixed real and momentum space
- Real-time-dynamics quantum simulation of (1+1)-D lattice QED with Rydberg atoms
- Scattering particles in quantum spin chains
- Quench dynamics of the Ising field theory in a magnetic field
- Quantum simulation of quantum field theories as quantum chemistry
- Variational Matrix Product Ansatz for Nonuniform Dynamics in the Thermodynamic Limit
- Supersymmetry Breaking and Nambu-Goldstone Fermions in Interacting Majorana Chains
- Real-time scattering of interacting quasiparticles in quantum spin chains
- Quasi-soliton scattering in quantum spin chains
- A scattering theory of ultrarelativistic solitons
- Emergent conservation laws and nonthermal states in the mixed-field Ising model
- Real-time lattice gauge theory actions: unitarity, convergence, and path integral contour deformations
- The particle spectrum of the Tricritical Ising Model with spin reversal symmetric perturbations
- Effective potentials and kink spectra in non-integrable perturbed conformal field theories
- Integrability, Non-integrability and confinement
- Flux unwinding in the lattice Schwinger model
Cited by in corpus (40)
- Quantum Simulating Nature's Fundamental Fields
- Preparations for Quantum Simulations of Quantum Chromodynamics in 1+1 Dimensions: (I) Axial Gauge
- Preparations for Quantum Simulations of Quantum Chromodynamics in 1+1 Dimensions: (II) Single-Baryon -Decay in Real Time
- Prethermalization in one-dimensional quantum many-body systems with confinement
- Observation of false vacuum decay via bubble formation in ferromagnetic superfluids
- High-Energy Collision of Quarks and Mesons in the Schwinger Model: From Tensor Networks to Circuit QED
- Discrete time-crystalline response stabilized by domain-wall confinement
- Scattering wave packets of hadrons in gauge theories: Preparation on a quantum computer
- Confinement and Kink Entanglement Asymmetry on a Quantum Ising Chain
- Liouvillian Dynamics of the Open Schwinger Model: String Breaking and Kinetic Dissipation in a Thermal Medium
- Real-time scattering in the lattice Schwinger model
- A Cold-Atom Particle Collider
- Scalable Quantum Simulations of Scattering in Scalar Field Theory on 120 Qubits
- Detecting a long lived false vacuum with quantum quenches
- Stirring the false vacuum via interacting quantized bubbles on a 5564-qubit quantum annealer
- Generating function for projected entangled-pair states
- State Preparation in the Heisenberg Model through Adiabatic Spiraling
- Preparation for Quantum Simulation of the 1+1D O(3) Non-linear σ-Model using Cold Atoms
- Dynamical localization transition of string breaking in quantum spin chains
- False vacuum decay and nucleation dynamics in neutral atom systems
- Estimating the randomness of quantum circuit ensembles up to 50 qubits
- Theory of metastable states in many-body quantum systems
- Real-Time Scattering in Ising Field Theory using Matrix Product States
- Constrained dynamics and confinement in the two-dimensional quantum Ising model
- Real-Time Scattering Processes with Continuous-Variable Quantum Computers
- Out-of-equilibrium scaling behavior arising during round-trip protocols across a quantum first-order transition
- Roughening dynamics of interfaces in the two-dimensional quantum Ising model
- Long-lived oscillations of metastable states in neutral atom systems
- Escaping fronts in local quenches of a confining spin chain
- Fractionalized holes in one-dimensional gauge theory coupled to fermion matter -- deconfined dynamics and emergent integrability
- Emergent Quantum Mechanics at the Boundary of a Local Classical Lattice Model
- Gravitating kinks with asymptotically flat metrics
- Quantum simulating continuum field theories with large-spin lattice models
- Efficient and systematic calculation of arbitrary observables for the matrix product state excitation ansatz
- String-Breaking Dynamics in Quantum Adiabatic and Diabatic Processes
- Bubbles in a box: Eliminating edge nucleation in cold-atom simulators of vacuum decay
- False Vacuum Decay in Flat-Band Ferromagnets: Role of Quantum Geometry and Chiral Edge States
- Ephemeral Superconductivity Atop the False Vacuum
- Macroproperties vs. Microstates in the Classical Simulation of Critical Phenomena in Quench Dynamics of 1D Ising Models
- Utility-Scale Quantum State Preparation: Classical Training using Pauli Path Simulation